Effect of SAV7472-SAV7473 overexpression on avermectin production in S. avermitilis ATCC 31267. The strains (left to right) are wild-type ATCC 31267, plasmid control strain ATCC 31267(pKC1139), and SAV7472-SAV7473 overexpressing transformants 31267(pKCE7273)-1, -2, and -3. Values are means ± SD for three replicate flasks. Statistical significance was determined by comparing the mutant values to those of wild-type ATCC 31267. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.