Table 1.
Demography of study subjects [n (%)]
| Variable | Males (n = 1040) | Females (n = 1330) | All (n = 2370) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| %BOP* | 19.4 ± 20.9 | 17.5 ± 19.0 | 18.3 ± 19.9 | 0.019 |
| Mean PD (mm)* | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
| High-density lipoprotein (HDL) (mg/dL)* | 61.0 ± 16.4 | 72.4 ± 17.7 | 67.4 ± 18.1 | <0.001 |
| Normal (males ≥ 40, females ≥ 50) | 979 (94.1) | 1221 (91.8) | 2200 (92.8) | 0.029 |
| Reduced HDL (males < 40, females < 50) | 61 (5.9) | 109 (8.2) | 170 (7.2) | |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl)* | 154.2 ± 140.0 | 107.5 ± 71.0 | 128.0 ± 109.3 | <0.001 |
| Normal (<150) | 628 (60.4) | 962 (72.3) | 1590 (67.1) | <0.001 |
| Elevated triglycerides (≥150)† | 412 (39.6) | 368 (27.7) | 780 (32.9) | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)* | 133.2 ± 17.7 | 127.9 ± 19.1 | 130.2 ± 18.7 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)* | 82.3 ± 10.2 | 77.5 ± 10.8 | 79.6 ± 10.8 | <0.001 |
| Normal (<130/<85) | 381 (36.6) | 648 (48.7) | 1029 (43.4) | <0.001 |
| Elevated blood pressure (≥130/≥85)‡ | 659 (63.4) | 682 (51.3) | 1341 (56.6) | |
| Waist circumference (cm)* | 86.8 ± 7.9 | 84.3 ± 10.2 | 85.4 ± 9.4 | <0.001 |
| Normal (males < 90, females < 80) | 671 (64.5) | 442 (33.2) | 1113 (47.0) | <0.001 |
| Elevated waist (males ≥ 90, females ≥ 80) | 369 (35.5) | 888 (66.8) | 1257 (53.0) | |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl)* | 108.6 ± 24.5 | 101.4 ± 19.4 | 104.5 ± 22.1 | <0.001 |
| Normal (<100) | 404 (38.8) | 809 (60.8) | 1213 (51.2) | <0.001 |
| Elevated fasting glucose (≥100)§ | 636 (61.2) | 551 (39.2) | 1157 (48.8) | |
| Number of metabolic syndrome components | 0.033 | |||
| 0 component | 127 (12.2) | 211 (15.9) | 338 (14.3) | |
| 1 or 2 components | 532 (51.2) | 668 (50.2) | 1200 (50.6) | |
| ≥3 components (metabolic syndrome) | 381 (36.6) | 451 (33.9) | 832 (35.1) | |
| Body mass index* | 23.7 ± 3.1 | 23.0 ± 3.6 | 23.3 ± 3.4 | <0.001 |
| Age | 59.5 ± 10.1 | 59.5 ± 10.1 | 59.5 ± 10.1 | 0.972 |
| Smoking habits (Brinkman index) | 578.7 ± 511.6 | 44.6 ± 154.0 | 279.0 ± 445.4 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol intake (go/day) | 1.5 ± 1.7 | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 1.4 | <0.001 |
| Toothbrushing frequency per day | <0.001 | |||
| No/1 time | 484 (46.5) | 271 (20.4) | 755 (31.9) | |
| 2 times | 432 (41.5) | 796 (59.8) | 1228 (51.8) | |
| More than 3 times | 124 (11.9) | 263 (19.8) | 387 (16.3) | |
| Number of teeth present* | 24.6 ± 5.0 | 24.1 ± 4.8 | 24.3 ± 4.9 | 0.015 |
*
Mean ± SD.
†
Triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl or drug treatment for dyslipidaemia.
‡
Systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg, or anti-hypertensive drug treatment.
§
Fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dl or drug treatment for elevated glucose.