Figure 1.

Mendelian randomization model assumptions. 1: the ADH1B genotype (rs1229984) is associated with maternal alcohol consumption. 2: there is no association between the genotype and confounding factors. 3: the genotype does not affect the outcome by any path other than maternal alcohol consumption. By testing the maternal ADH1B-offspring outcome association, we are testing the association between maternal alcohol use and offspring outcomes, provided that the assumptions hold