Electron micrographs showing transverse sections of collecting duct (CDs) and ascending vasa recta (AVR) from approx. 1.5 mm (panels a, b, d) and 4 mm (panel c) below the base of the inner medulla. (a) CD surrounded by four AVR (asterisks). Other tubular structures surrounding the CD are ascending thin limbs (ATLs). Interstitial nodal spaces are formed between CD, AVR and ATLs (marked with X). Scalebar, 10 μm. (b) AVR abuts CD with minimal direct contact. Scalebar, 1 μm. (c) AVR abuts CD with microvillus (arrow). IS, interstitium. Scalebar, 1 μm. (d) AVR abuts CD with microvilli (arrows). Scalebar, 1 μm. From Pannabecker and Dantzler (2006), used with permission.