FIG. 1.

In vitro differentiation potential of iPSC-NCSCs and rat patellar tendon repair model. (A) Osteogenic differentiation shown by Alizarin red staining for calcified matrix; Adipogenic differentiation shown by Oil red staining for oil droplets; Chondrogenic differentiation shown by Alcian blue staining for glycosaminoglycans. (B) iPSC-NCSCs (brightfield) were prelabeled by CM-DiI (red) before transplantation. (C) Cell viability was tested by using live (calcein staining, green)/dead (PI staining, red) assay. (D) A 1×4 mm window defect was created in patellar tendon of athymic rat; the right picture shows the window defect filled with cell/fibrin gel complex after culturing in vitro by one day. PI, propidium iodide; iPSC-NCSCs, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural crest stem cells. Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/tea