TABLE 2.
NEO-FFI Domain/ Factor Model | SB χ2 | df | p | CFI | RMSEA | AIC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neuroticism (scoring alternative 1) | ||||||
Self-reproach, negative affect | ||||||
Young adults, trait factors only | 98.74 | 53 | <.001 | .94 | .053 | −7.26 |
Middle-age adults, trait factors only | 95.18 | 53 | <.001 | .95 | .062 | −10.82 |
Young adults, trait + method factors | 54.44 | 41 | .077 | .98 | .038 | −27.56 |
Middle-age adults, trait + method factors | 55.81 | 41 | .060 | .98 | .042 | −26.19 |
Multiple group, trait + method factors | 173.07 | 113 | <.001 | .97 | .032 | −52.93 |
Neuroticism (scoring alternative 2) | ||||||
Self-reproach, anxiety, depression | ||||||
Young adults, trait factors only | 67.15 | 32 | <.001 | .92 | .060 | 3.15 |
Middle-age adults, trait factors only | 76.29 | 32 | <.001 | .91 | .082 | 12.29 |
Young adults, trait + method factors | 30.96 | 22 | .097 | .98 | .037 | −13.04 |
Middle-age adults, trait + method factors | 26.05 | 22 | .250 | .99 | .030 | −17.95 |
Multiple group, trait + method factors | 100.70 | 73 | .018 | .97 | .027 | −45.30 |
Extraversion | ||||||
Sociability, positive affect, activity | ||||||
Young adults, trait factors only | 111.19 | 51 | <.001 | .93 | .063 | 9.19 |
Middle-age adults, trait factors only | 128.61 | 51 | <.001 | .89 | .086 | 26.61 |
Young adults, trait + method factors | 62.78 | 39 | <.009 | .97 | .045 | −15.22 |
Middle-age adults, trait + method factors | 76.32 | 39 | <.001 | .95 | .068 | −1.68 |
Multiple group, trait + method factors | 122.98 | 74 | <.001 | .93 | .036 | −25.02 |
Openness | ||||||
Aesthetic interests, intellectual interests, unconventionality | ||||||
Young adults, trait factors only | 70.98 | 32 | <.001 | .88 | .064 | 6.98 |
Middle-age adults, trait factors only | 57.05 | 32 | .004 | .91 | .062 | −6.95 |
Young adults, trait + method factors | 48.21 | 22 | <.001 | .92 | .063 | 4.21 |
Middle-age adults, trait + method factors | 21.33 | 22 | .500 | 1.00 | .000 | −22.67 |
Multiple group, trait + method factors | 122.98 | 74 | <.001 | .925 | .036 | −25.02 |
Agreeableness | ||||||
Nonantagonistic orientation, prosocial orientation | ||||||
Young adults, trait factors only | 108.78 | 53 | <.001 | .89 | .059 | 2.78 |
Middle-age adults, trait factors only | 114.47 | 53 | <.001 | .87 | .075 | 8.47 |
Young adults, trait + method factors | 60.08 | 41 | .027 | .96 | .040 | −21.92 |
Middle-age adults, trait + method factors | 68.00 | 41 | .005 | .94 | .056 | −14.00 |
Multiple group, trait + method factors | 172.01 | 108 | <.001 | .94 | .034 | −43.99 |
Conscientiousness | ||||||
Orderliness, goal striving, dependability | ||||||
Young adults, trait factors only | 140.67 | 51 | <.000 | .85 | .077 | 38.67 |
Middle-age adults, trait factors only | 74.68 | 51 | .017 | .96 | .048 | −27.32 |
Young adults, trait + method factors | 63.98 | 39 | .007 | .96 | .032 | −30.76 |
Middle-age adults, trait + method factors | 47.24 | 39 | .171 | .99 | .047 | −14.02 |
Multiple group, trait + method factors | 175.32 | 109 | <.001 | .95 | .035 | −42.68 |
Note. SB χ2 = Satorra–Bentler Scale corrected chi-square; CFI = comparative fit index; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; AIC = akaike information criteria. Multiple-group models represent the final factor model after nested model tests gradually constraining the most parameters possible to equality across groups without deterioration of model fit.