Table 1.

The positive effects of lifestyle modifications compared with those of uncertain efficacy in the treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD).

Lifestyle modifications in LPRD treatment
Suggested	Uncertain
Treating obesity/overweight • Reduce daily caloric intake • Aerobic physical activity	• Reducing weight in normal BMI
Changing alimentary habits • Increase fiber intake • Increase fruit and vegetable intake • Reduce spicy and sweet food intake • Reduce carbohydrate beverage intake	• Reducing acid beverage intake (orange or apple juice) • Reducing tomato, tomato sauce, mint, and garlic intake
Reducing alcohol and coffee intake	Reducing cigarette smoking
Elevating the head of the bed
Avoiding strenuous exercises

BMI, body mass index.