Table 2.
Tests and subtests, test batteries and functional areas
| Test/subtest | Test battery | Functional area | Direction of analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verbal Fluency | *CERAD-plus | [23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28] | cognition | ⇑ = + |
| Boston Naming | CERAD-plus | language | ⇑ = + | |
| MMSE | CERAD-plus | cognition | ⇑ = + | |
| Ten-Item Word Recall | CERAD-plus | cognition | ⇑ = + | |
| Word List Recognition | CERAD-plus | cognition | ⇑ = + | |
| Delayed Recall of Word List Items | CERAD-plus | cognition | ⇑ = + | |
| Constructional Praxis | CERAD-plus | cognition | ⇑ = + | |
| Delayed Recall of Praxis Items | CERAD-plus | cognition | ⇑ = + | |
| Trail Making Test A (numbers) | CERAD-plus | cognition | ⇓ = + | |
| Trail Making Test B | CERAD-plus | cognition | ⇓ = + | |
| Word-Form Fluency | CERAD-plus | language | ⇑ = + | |
| Trail Making Test A (letters) | cognition | ⇓ = + | ||
| Clock Drawing | [16] | cognition | ⇑ = + | |
| Execution of Instructions | ADAS-cog | [29, 30] | cognition | ⇓ = + |
| Naming | ADAS-cog | language | ⇓ = + | |
| Verbal Production | ADAS-cog | language | ⇓ = + | |
| Verbal Comprehension | ADAS-cog | language | ⇓ = + | |
| Appropriate Word-Finding | ADAS-cog | language | ⇓ = + | |
| Barthel Index | [17, 18] | ADL/IADL | ⇑ = + | |
| IADL | [19] | ADL/IADL | ⇑ = + | |
| Münchner Lebensqualitäts Dimensionen Liste | [20, 21, 22] | quality of life | ⇑ = + | |
| Self-Assessment | Bayer-ADL | [31, 32] | ADL/IADL | ⇓ = + |
| External Assessment | Bayer-ADL | ADL/IADL | ⇓ = + | |
| Patient Survey: Feelings | Dem-Quol | [33, 34] | quality of life | ⇓ = + |
| Patient Survey: Memory | Dem-Quol | cognition | ⇓ = + | |
| Patient Survey: Circumstances (of living) | Dem-Quol | quality of life | ⇓ = + | |
| Family Survey: Circumstances (of living) | Dem-Quol | quality of life | ⇓ = + | |
| Family Survey: Memory | NOSGER | [35, 36] | cognition | ⇓ = + |
| IADL | NOSGER | ADL/IADL | ⇓ = + | |
| ADL | NOSGER | ADL/IADL | ⇓ = + | |
| Mood | NOSGER | quality of life | ⇓ = + | |
The version ‘*CERAD-plus’ is available from the ‘Memory Clinic’ in Basel, Switzerland. Dem-Quol = Development of a New Measure of Health-Related Quality of Life for People with Dementia; NOSGER = Nurses’ Observation Scale for Geriatric Patients. The string ‘ ⇓ = +’ means that the lower the values are, the higher the performance will be (see for instance reaction times). Conversely, the string ‘ ⇑ = +’ means that the higher the values are, the higher the performance will be.