Table 2. Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of mortality endpoints by smoking status.

	No. of deaths	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
All-cause
Never	262	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Former	255	1.55 (1.21, 1.98)	1.56 (1.24, 1.97)	1.24 (0.96, 1.62)	1.15 (0.88, 1.50)
Current
Nonmenthol	86	3.16 (2.04, 4.90)	3.18 (2.04, 4.96)	2.40 (1.56, 3.71)	1.65 (1.04, 2.60)
Menthol	32	2.46 (1.40, 4.33)	2.62 (1.50, 4.59)	2.07 (1.20, 3.58)	1.36 (0.75, 2.48)
Cardiovascular disease
Never	98	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Former	91	1.15 (0.83, 1.60)	1.14 (0.85, 1.55)	0.92 (0.62, 1.37)	0.85 (0.56, 1.28)
Current
Nonmenthol	23	2.48 (1.29, 4.77)	2.72 (1.36, 5.44)	2.10 (1.02, 4.31)	1.38 (0.58, 3.26)
Menthol	13	3.76 (1.53, 9.27)	4.36 (1.79, 10.61)	3.48 (1.52, 7.99)	2.21 (0.94, 5.20)
Heart disease
Never	51	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Former	62	1.75 (1.14, 2.69)	1.66 (1.07, 2.57)	1.46 (0.83, 2.56)	1.36 (0.78, 2.40)
Current
Nonmenthol	16	4.27 (2.14, 8.50)	4.92 (2.51, 9.64)	4.18 (1.99, 8.79)	2.97 (1.41, 6.25)
Menthol	8	5.33 (1.64, 17.33)	6.25 (2.15, 18.23)	5.39 (1.87, 15.54)	3.86 (1.49, 10.01)
Cancer
Never	48	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Former	64	2.32 (1.50, 3.60)	2.38 (1.53, 3.69)	1.91 (1.21, 3.00)	1.80 (1.13, 2.87)
Current
Nonmenthol	33	5.20 (2.96, 9.13)	5.11 (2.89, 9.01)	3.82 (2.19, 6.68)	2.86 (1.37, 5.97)
Menthol	8	2.58 (1.27, 5.23)	2.59 (1.28, 5.25)	2.03 (1.00, 4.13)	1.46 (0.66, 3.23)

Model 1 adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education and body mass indexModel 2 further adjusted for total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol-lowering medication use, hypertension, antihypertensive medication use, diabetes and estimated glomerular filtration rate Model 3 further adjusted for pack-years of smoking

Model 4 further adjusted for blood cadmium