Fig. 6.

Cd response of the Arabidopsis mutants of G protein subunit genes. (A) Schematic of the genomic organization of Arabidopsis G protein subunit genes. (B, C) Confirmation of the heteromeric G protein subunit gene mutants. Expression analysis of AtGPA1, AtAGB1, AtAGG1, AtAGG2, and AtAGG3 in WT (Col-0), gpa1-4, agb1-1, agb1-2, and agg1-1C (B), and agg3-1 and agg1-1C agg2-1 agg3-1 (C) (Arabidopsis seedlings was performed by RT-PCR using the primers listed in Supplementary Table S1 at JXB online. AtActin2 was used as a loading control. (D–G) Root lengths of control WT (parental line) and mutant lines in response to control (0 μM) and 75 μM CdCl₂: WT (Col-0) (D), Gα (gpa1-4) and Gβ (agb1-2) mutants (D); WT (Col-0) and agg1-1C mutant (E); WT (Col-0) and agg3-1 mutant (F); WT (Col-0) and agb1-1 and the triple mutant agg1-1C agg2-1 agg3-1 (G). The data are means ±SD from three independent experiments. Asterisks indicate that the difference from the control (WT) was statistically significant: ^*** P <0.001. (This figure is available in colour at JXB online.)