Table 4.

Results of Paired-Group Contrasts

	M(SD)		t	P	d
	Group 1	Group 2
Contrast 1: ASD vs. TD
Self-repeats	0.053 (0.025)	0.051 (0.014)	0.43	0.672	0.09
Intra-turn	0.025 (0.016)	0.028 (0.011)	−0.92	0.361	−0.20
Between turns	0.027 (0.015)	0.023 (0.006)	1.82	0.074	0.39
Echolalia	0.024 (0.010)	0.017 (0.007)	3.95	0.000	0.86
Immediate	0.017 (0.007)	0.011 (0.006)	3.85	0.000	0.85
Near-immediate	0.008 (0.005)	0.005 (0.002)	2.81	0.007	0.61
Contrast 2: ALN vs. TD
Self-repeats	0.053 (0.019)	0.050 (0.015)	0.58	0.566	0.17
Intra-turn	0.027 (0.014)	0.028 (0.011)	−0.31	0.762	−0.09
Between turns	0.026 (0.011)	0.022 (0.007)	1.48	0.149	0.44
Echolalia	0.024 (0.010)	0.016 (0.008)	3.23	0.002	0.94
Immediate	0.017 (0.007)	0.011 (0.006)	3.26	0.002	0.93
Near-immediate	0.007 (0.005)	0.005 (0.003)	2.02	0.051	0.60
Contrast 3: ALI vs. SLI
Self-repeats	0.054 (0.030)	0.053 (0.024)	0.03	0.979	0.01
Intra-turn	0.025 (0.018)	0.026 (0.015)	−0.27	0.790	−0.08
Between turns	0.029 (0.018)	0.028 (0.013)	0.33	0.742	0.10
Echolalia	0.023 (0.011)	0.020 (0.010)	0.87	0.387	0.27
Immediate	0.016 (0.008)	0.014 (0.008)	0.53	0.602	0.16
Near-immediate	0.007 (0.004)	0.006 (0.004)	1.25	0.218	0.38
Contrast 4: ALI vs. ALN
Self-repeats	0.054 (0.029)	0.054 (0.020)	−0.01	0.996	0.00
Intra-turn	0.025 (0.018)	0.028 (0.014)	−0.54	0.595	−0.16
Between turns	0.029 (0.017)	0.027 (0.012)	0.57	0.574	0.16
Echolalia	0.023 (0.011)	0.025 (0.010)	−0.64	0.525	−0.19
Immediate	0.016 (0.008)	0.017 (0.007)	−0.87	0.390	−0.26
Near-immediate	0.007 (0.004)	0.007 (0.005)	−0.09	0.928	−0.03

Note. For family-wise significance at 0.05 based on Bonferroni correction, nominal P-values are required of 0.0125 for self-repeats and echolalia, and 0.006125 when separately considering intra-turn self-repeats, between-turns self-repeats, immediate echolalia, and near-immediate echolalia.

ASD, autism spectrum disorders; TD, typically developing; ALN, ASD with normal, non-impaired language; ALI, ASD plus language impairment; SLI, specific language impairment.