Table 3.
Responses to attitude-related questions on cardiovascular disease
| SN | Items | Male | Female | Total | p Value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) | |||
| Attitude items on heart health | |||||
| 1 | I don't perceive myself to be at risk for heart disease (m=225/f=540)† | 58 (25.8) | 167 (30.9) | 225 (29.0) | 0.15 |
| 2 | I don't want to change my lifestyle (activity, smoking, alcohol) (m=229/f=548) | 148 (64.6) | 298 (54.4) | 446 (57.4) | p<0.01 |
| 3 | I feel the amount of food I eat is too much, and I would like to cut down (m=229/f=543)† | 35 (15.2) | 140 (25.5) | 175 (22.5) | p<0.01 |
| 4 | I feel my present weight is too high for my health (m=229/f=548) | 37 (14.9) | 130 (23.7) | 167 (21.5) | 0.02 |
| 5 | I don't think changing my behaviour will reduce my risk of developing heart disease (m=229/f=522)† | 145 (63.3) | 312 (56.9) | 457 (58.8) | 0.23 |
| 6 | I don't have time to take care of myself (m=229/f=548) | 77 (33.6) | 168 (30.7) | 245 (31.5) | 0.42 |
| 7 | God or a higher power ultimately determines my health (m=229/f=548) | 58 (25.3) | 149 (27.2) | 207 (26.6) | 0.59 |
| Opinions on various preventive aspects of heart health that are helpful | |||||
| 8 | Access to more fruits, vegetables and other healthy foods (m=229/f=548) | 226 (98.6) | 533 (99.1) | 759 (99.1) | −‡ |
| 9 | Greater access to indoor and outdoor public recreational facilities (m=229/f=548) | 200 (87.3) | 492 (89.7) | 692 (89.1) | 0.31 |
| 10 | Smoking bans (m=218/f=535)† | 209 (96.1) | 515 (96.2) | 724 (96.1) | 0.89 |
| 11 | More awareness programmes for a healthy heart (m=226/f=536)† | 214 (96.1) | 483 (90.1) | 697 (98.0) | 0.38 |
| 12 | Availability of health facilities to detect and treat heart diseases (m=226/f=531)† | 217 (96.1) | 524 (98.6) | 741 (97.9) | 0.02 |
| 13 | Local volunteers who shall try to change any adverse health behaviour (m=226/f=530)† | 186 (82.1) | 522 (98.5) | 708 (93.6) | p<0.01 |
*Obtained from a χ² test.
†‘I do not know/cannot say’ answers were excluded from the analysis.
‡Cannot be computed due to the expected frequency being less than 5.
m=number of males, f=number of females. Questions based on a 5-scale Likert questions (strongly disagree, somewhat disagree, I do not know, somewhat agree and strongly agree (question 1–7)/very helpful; somewhat helpful; I do not know; not very helpful; not at all helpful (question 8–13). We classified five options into three categories as ‘agree/helpful’, ‘disagree/not helpful’ and ‘I do not know’. Only ‘strongly agree’ or ‘very helpful’ and ‘agreed/somewhat helpful’ answers were merged and presented in the table and ‘I do not know/cannot say’ were excluded from the analysis.