Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the 1255 participants by quartile of average walking speed
| Variable | All Participants (n=1255) | I Quartile (n=316) | II Quartile (n=313) | III Quartile (n=300) | IV Quartile (=326) | p for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AWS | ||||||
| (km/h) | 4.3 (0.8) | 3.4 (0.3) | 4.1 (0.1) | 4.6 (0.2) | 5.5 (0.5) | <0.001 |
| (m/s) | 1.19 (0.22) | 0.94 (0.08) | 1.13 (0.02) | 1.27 (0.05) | 1.53 (0.14) | |
| Deaths (n) | 141 | 68 | 43 | 18 | 12 | <0.001 |
| Age (year) | 61 (10) | 65 (9) | 63 (9) | 59 (9) | 57 (9) | <0.001 |
| Risk factor | ||||||
| BMI | 27.6 (3.4) | 28.3 (3.7) | 27.6 (3.3) | 27.7 (3.2) | 27.0 (3.3) | <0.001 |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 56 (10) | 53 (11) | 56 (9) | 57 (11) | 58 (10) | 0.002 |
| Family history (%) | 53.7 | 48.4 | 51.7 | 54.3 | 60.7 | 0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 107 (27) | 110 (28) | 110 (28) | 106 (29) | 105 (28) | 0.03 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 194 (42) | 195 (47) | 199 (43) | 194 (41) | 188 (39) | 0.04 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 49 (14) | 50 (16) | 49 (13) | 47 (14) | 50 (13) | 0.55 |
| Serum triglycerides (mg/dL) | 139 (80) | 147 (97) | 138 (71) | 143 (80) | 129 (67) | 0.046 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| Medical history (%) | ||||||
| CABG | 49.4 | 63.3 | 52.0 | 46.3 | 36.2 | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 28.1 | 22.2 | 29.1 | 31.3 | 30.0 | 0.02 |
| PTCA | 8.7 | 4.7 | 5.7 | 9.0 | 15.3 | 0.001 |
| Valvular replacement | 8.9 | 8.2 | 8.9 | 7.6 | 10.4 | 0.4 |
| Other | 4.4 | 1.3 | 3.8 | 5 | 7.4 | 0.001 |
| Medications (%) | ||||||
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 53.3 | 57.3 | 54.0 | 50.0 | 68.9 | 0.09 |
| Aspirin | 74.6 | 75.9 | 72.8 | 74.3 | 75.1 | 0.9 |
| β-Blocker | 59.4 | 57.9 | 63.6 | 60.0 | 55.8 | 0.4 |
| Calcium antagonist | 12.9 | 13.6 | 12.5 | 14.0 | 11.7 | 0.6 |
| Diuretic | 18.1 | 26.6 | 20.4 | 13.7 | 10.4 | <0.001 |
| Statin | 52.9 | 50.3 | 49.2 | 52.0 | 60.1 | 0.01 |
| Number of medications | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 0.004 |
Data are presented as mean (SD).
ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; AWS, average walking speed; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LV, left ventricular; PTCA, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, stenting or both.