Figure 3. Best-Fitting Direction of Causation Models for the Moderate and Strong Relationships between Personality Traits and Attitudes.

Note: The path diagrams are for the best-fitting models. To simplify the path diagrams, models are presented for one twin only, with the standard CTD assumptions. The coefficients presented in the path diagram are standardized coefficients, and the coefficients for females are in bold. An ns indicates that the path is not significant at the 95% level.