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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Virology. 2013 Sep 17;446(0):10.1016/j.virol.2013.08.018. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.08.018

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6

Mucosal epithelium of HIV-infected individuals contains infectious HIV, which express HIV tat and gp120 proteins with the mucosal environment. (A, upper panel) To detect HIV in the mucosal epithelium, anal biopsies were homogenized, and supernatants were examined for HIV p24 by ELISA. The p24 value was expressed in ng of p24 per mg of tissue. (A, lower panel) To examine the infectivity of intra-mucosal HIV, PBMCs were infected with homogenates, and p24 was quantified after 2 weeks. (B) HIV tat and gp120 in saliva and plasma samples of HIV-infected patients were detected by immunoprecipitation and Western blot assays. IgG HC, IgG heavy chain. IgG LC, IgG light chain. (C) Polarized, oriented buccal explants were treated with GFP-labeled recombinant tat at 30 ng/explant for 1 and 3 h and sectioned and examined for tat penetration by confocal microscopy. GR, granulosum; SP, spinosum; BL, basal; LP, lamina propria.