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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nanomedicine (Lond). 2013 Mar 27;8(11):10.2217/nnm.12.204. doi: 10.2217/nnm.12.204

Figure 4. Gene expression of cardiac markers by human mesenchymal stem cells under chemical treatment.

Figure 4

Reverse transcriptase-PCR analyses following 8-day in vitro culture of human mesenchymal stem cells on PCL or PCL-CNT substrates. (A) Nkx2.5, an early marker of cardiac differentiation, and late-stage cardiac markers (B) α-MYH, (C) cTNT and (D) RyR2 were all significantly upregulated on PCL-CNT substrates under treatment with Aza. Treatment with Jagged 1 protein did not appear to significantly affect gene expression. All groups were normalized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase expression (reference control) as well as TCPS no treatment sample (sample control) because TCPS is the classical method by which human mesenchymal stem cells are normally cultured. Lines represent statistical significance between PCL-CNT + Aza versus groups indicated by lines.

*p < 0.05, †p < 0.01 versus PCL-CNT + Aza.

α-MYH: α-myosin heavy chain; Aza: 5-azacytidine; CNT: Carbon nanotube; cTNT: Cardiac troponin T; PCL: Poly(ε-caprolactone); RyR2: Ryanodine receptor 2; TCPS: Tissue culture polystyrene.