Figure 3.

(A) Phylogeny of the haplogroups J and T demonstrating that each new branch of the mtDNA phylogeny is founded by a functionally significant polypeptide variant that is subsequently transmitted to all downstream descendants. Key internal replacement mutations are designated by the gene name and the nucleotide substitution. (B) The table provides function information and interspecific sequence conservation (conservation index = CI) for selected polymorphic amino acid sites. (From Ruiz-Pesini et al. 2004; reproduced, with permission, from the author and the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2004.)