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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychosom Med. 2013 Jul 25;75(7):10.1097/PSY.0b013e31829c1df2. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e31829c1df2

Table 1.

Characteristics of in 3513 participants stratified by WMH > 3 in 1992–1994

Number
Total
Group
WMH≥3
Group 2
WMH<3
Age-adjusted
Comparisons
*
3513 1217 2296
Biological make-up Age, years , Mean (SD) 74.76 (5.10) 76.37(5.38) 73.90 (4.72) <.0001
Race, white, N (%) 2962 (84.70) 1941
(84.83)
1021 (84.45) 0.062
Gender , female, N (%) 2046 (58.24) 731 (60.07) 1315
(57.27)
0.009
APOe4 allele, N (%) 792 (24.80) 292 (25.96) 500 (24.18) 0.028
Other MRI markers Ventricular grade≥4, N
(%)
681 (19.41) 356 (29.28) 325 (14.17) <.0001
Brain infarcts, N (%) 1072 (30.52) 567 (46.59) 505 (21.99) <.0001
Presence of cardio-metabolic diseases Cardiovascular diseases,
N (%)
292 (26.44) 543 (23.65) 386 (31.72) 0.001
Stroke, N (%) 151 (4.56) 76 (6.90) 75 (3.40) <.0001
Myocardial infarction, N
(%)
301 (9.10) 118 (10.72) 183 (8.29) 0.066
Diabetes , N (%) 493 (14.13) 180 (14.88) 313 (13.74) 0.182
Congestive heart failure,
N (%)
149 (4.50) 87 (3.94) 62 (5.63) 0.106
Hypertension, N (%) 1389 (40.02) 565 (47.20) 824 (36.24) <.0001
Sub-clinical/ physiological markers Subclinical vascular
conditions, N (%)
2362 (69.65) 882 (75.51) 1480
(66.58)
0.002
HDL2, dl/L, Mean (SD) 53.42 (14.43) 53.48
(14.19)
53.39
(14.55)
0.004
Glucose1,4, dl/l, Mean
(SD)
107.53
(34.97)
107.53
(31.73)
107.52
(36.55)
<.0001
Pulse pressure3, mmHg,
Mean (SD)
63.95 (17.60) 67.18
(18.36)
62.25
(16.95)
<.0001
LV heart mass1, cm3
Mean (SD)
152.26
(31.31)
152.17
(31.57)
152.31
(31.17)
<.0001
Cystatin C1, mg/dl, Mean
(SD)
1.10 (0.29) 1.14 (0.29) 1.09 (0.29) 0.006
IL-61, mg/dl, Mean (SD) 2.04 (1.80) 2.23 (2.11) 1.95 (1.62) <.0001
C-Reactive protein 1
mg/dl, Mean (SD)
5.04 (8.67) 5.22 (8.66) 4.95 (8.68) <.0001
Psycho-social/ Lifestyle Physical activity, Kcal1
Mean (SD)
1467.22
(1739.11)
1312.37
(1697.53)
1549.23
(1755.58)
<.0001
Income < $25,000, N
(%)
1929 (58.38) 721 (63.64) 1208
(55.64)
<.0001
Education>HS, N (%) 1657 (47.25) 551 (45.39) 1106
(48.23)
0.070
Smoking , current, N (%) 323 (9.45) 100 (8.44) 223 (9.99) 0.094
Alcohol consumption, N
(%)
2.14 (5.33) 2.13 (5.64) 2.15 (5.16) <.0001
3MS, points , Mean (SD) 91.17 (8.20) 89.44 (9.79) 92.08
(7.06)
<.0001
CES-D, points, Mean
(SD)
5.15 (4.75) 5.54 (5.04) 4.94 (4.58) <.0001
*

ANOVA for continuous variables, chi-square for ordinal variables; age comparisons were not age-adjusted.

1

Comparisons based on log-transformed values

2

comparisons adjusted for lipid medication use

3

comparisons for glucose adjusted for insulin use

4

comparisons adjusted for antihypertensive medications.

Apoe4 = Apolipoprotein E4; CRP = C-reactive protein; DSST = Digit Symbol Substitution Test; HDL = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HS = high school; IL-6 = interleukin-6; LV = left ventricular; 3MS = Mini-Mental Status Examination; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; SD = standard deviation; WMH = white matter hyperintensities.