Table 1.
Characteristics of in 3513 participants stratified by WMH > 3 in 1992–1994
| Number |
Total |
Group WMH≥3 |
Group 2 WMH<3 |
Age-adjusted Comparisons * |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3513 | 1217 | 2296 | |||
| Biological make-up | Age, years , Mean (SD) | 74.76 (5.10) | 76.37(5.38) | 73.90 (4.72) | <.0001 |
| Race, white, N (%) | 2962 (84.70) | 1941 (84.83) |
1021 (84.45) | 0.062 | |
| Gender , female, N (%) | 2046 (58.24) | 731 (60.07) | 1315 (57.27) |
0.009 | |
| APOe4 allele, N (%) | 792 (24.80) | 292 (25.96) | 500 (24.18) | 0.028 | |
| Other MRI markers | Ventricular grade≥4, N (%) |
681 (19.41) | 356 (29.28) | 325 (14.17) | <.0001 |
| Brain infarcts, N (%) | 1072 (30.52) | 567 (46.59) | 505 (21.99) | <.0001 | |
| Presence of cardio-metabolic diseases | Cardiovascular diseases, N (%) |
292 (26.44) | 543 (23.65) | 386 (31.72) | 0.001 |
| Stroke, N (%) | 151 (4.56) | 76 (6.90) | 75 (3.40) | <.0001 | |
| Myocardial infarction, N (%) |
301 (9.10) | 118 (10.72) | 183 (8.29) | 0.066 | |
| Diabetes , N (%) | 493 (14.13) | 180 (14.88) | 313 (13.74) | 0.182 | |
| Congestive heart failure, N (%) |
149 (4.50) | 87 (3.94) | 62 (5.63) | 0.106 | |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 1389 (40.02) | 565 (47.20) | 824 (36.24) | <.0001 | |
| Sub-clinical/ physiological markers | Subclinical vascular conditions, N (%) |
2362 (69.65) | 882 (75.51) | 1480 (66.58) |
0.002 |
| HDL2, dl/L, Mean (SD) | 53.42 (14.43) | 53.48 (14.19) |
53.39 (14.55) |
0.004 | |
| Glucose1,4, dl/l, Mean (SD) |
107.53 (34.97) |
107.53 (31.73) |
107.52 (36.55) |
<.0001 | |
| Pulse pressure3, mmHg, Mean (SD) |
63.95 (17.60) | 67.18 (18.36) |
62.25 (16.95) |
<.0001 | |
| LV heart mass1, cm3 Mean (SD) |
152.26 (31.31) |
152.17 (31.57) |
152.31 (31.17) |
<.0001 | |
| Cystatin C1, mg/dl, Mean (SD) |
1.10 (0.29) | 1.14 (0.29) | 1.09 (0.29) | 0.006 | |
| IL-61, mg/dl, Mean (SD) | 2.04 (1.80) | 2.23 (2.11) | 1.95 (1.62) | <.0001 | |
| C-Reactive protein 1 mg/dl, Mean (SD) |
5.04 (8.67) | 5.22 (8.66) | 4.95 (8.68) | <.0001 | |
| Psycho-social/ Lifestyle | Physical activity, Kcal1 Mean (SD) |
1467.22 (1739.11) |
1312.37 (1697.53) |
1549.23 (1755.58) |
<.0001 |
| Income < $25,000, N (%) |
1929 (58.38) | 721 (63.64) | 1208 (55.64) |
<.0001 | |
| Education>HS, N (%) | 1657 (47.25) | 551 (45.39) | 1106 (48.23) |
0.070 | |
| Smoking , current, N (%) | 323 (9.45) | 100 (8.44) | 223 (9.99) | 0.094 | |
| Alcohol consumption, N (%) |
2.14 (5.33) | 2.13 (5.64) | 2.15 (5.16) | <.0001 | |
| 3MS, points , Mean (SD) | 91.17 (8.20) | 89.44 (9.79) | 92.08 (7.06) |
<.0001 | |
| CES-D, points, Mean (SD) |
5.15 (4.75) | 5.54 (5.04) | 4.94 (4.58) | <.0001 |
*
ANOVA for continuous variables, chi-square for ordinal variables; age comparisons were not age-adjusted.
1
Comparisons based on log-transformed values
2
comparisons adjusted for lipid medication use
3
comparisons for glucose adjusted for insulin use
4
comparisons adjusted for antihypertensive medications.
Apoe4 = Apolipoprotein E4; CRP = C-reactive protein; DSST = Digit Symbol Substitution Test; HDL = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HS = high school; IL-6 = interleukin-6; LV = left ventricular; 3MS = Mini-Mental Status Examination; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; SD = standard deviation; WMH = white matter hyperintensities.