Figure 2. Muscle atrophy.

Raw values from baseline for quadriceps and hamstrings and adductor muscle loss between groups. EAA treatment attenuated operated (TKA) quadriceps atrophy by 4.6-fold versus placebo 2 weeks postoperation. EAAs also mitigated operated quadriceps and hamstrings and adductor muscle atrophy by 3-fold (quadriceps) and 2.2-fold (hamstrings and adductors) at 6 weeks postoperation and by 3- and 4-fold in the quadriceps and hamstrings and adductors, respectively, in the nonoperated thigh. Mid-thigh muscle volume was measured with Analyze version 11.0 software. Values are the mean ± SEM. Placebo group, n = 12; EAA group, n = 16.