Table 3.
Hematology and coagulation measurements in the 28-day study.
| Parameter | Unit | CHO diet (n = 10/sex) | Fat diet (n = 10/sex) | Ketone ester diet (n = 10/sex) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males | ||||
| RBC | ×1012/L | 7.62 ± 0.44 | 7.80 ± 0.32 | 8.41 ± 0.28*,† |
| Hb | g/L | 146 ± 8 | 146 ± 7 | 158 ± 8*,† |
| Hct | % | 39.3 ± 2.1 | 39.2 ± 1.8 | 42.1 ± 1.9*,† |
| MCV | fL | 51.5 ± 1.2 | 50.3 ± 1.0 | 50.0 ± 1.1* |
| MCH | pg | 19.1 ± 0.5 | 18.7 ± 0.4 | 18.8 ± 0.5 |
| MCHC | g/L | 371 ± 2 | 371 ± 5 | 375 ± 6 |
| Platelets | ×109/L | 1303 ± 145 | 1376 ± 149 | 1387 ± 218 |
| WBC | ×109/L | 4.69 ± 1.47 | 5.71 ± 2.26 | 5.44 ± 1.64 |
| Neutrophils | ×109/L | 0.92 ± 0.44 | 1.04 ± 0.37 | 0.88 ± 0.25 |
| Lymphocytes | ×109/L | 3.59 ± 1.21 | 4.43 ± 1.87 | 4.29 ± 1.35 |
| Monocytes | ×109/L | 0.10 ± 0.05 | 0.13 ± 0.07 | 0.16 ± 0.08 |
| Eosinophils | ×109/L | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.09 ± 0.04 |
| Basophils | ×109/L | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 |
| LUC | ×109/L | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| Reticulocytes | ×109/L | 194 ± 30 | 193 ± 33 | 229 ± 36*,† |
| Prothrombin time | s | 18.0 ± 1.0 | 17.4 ± 0.8 | 17.1 ± 0.6 |
| APPT | s | 16.1 ± 1.7 | 16.7 ± 2.2 | 13.8 ± 2.2*,† |
| Fibrinogen | g/L | 2.60 ± 0.29 | 2.41 ± 0.19 | 2.57 ± 0.30 |
| Females | ||||
| RBC | ×1012/L | 7.73 ± 0.25 | 7.47 ± 0.20 | 8.36 ± 0.40*,† |
| Hb | g/L | 153 ± 4 | 143 ± 3 | 160 ± 6*,† |
| Hct | % | 40.0 ± 1.4 | 38.1 ± 1.0 | 41.8 ± 1.6*,† |
| MCV | fL | 51.7 ± 1.1 | 51.1 ± 1.4 | 50.1 ± 1.5* |
| MCH | pg | 19.8 ± 0.5 | 19.2 ± 0.5 | 19.1 ± 0.5* |
| MCHC | g/L | 382 ± 5 | 375 ± 6 | 382 ± 4† |
| Platelets | ×109/L | 1316 ± 125 | 1482 ± 85 | 1146 ± 252† |
| WBC | ×109/L | 3.90 ± 1.37 | 3.66 ± 0.73 | 4.13 ± 1.14 |
| Neutrophils | ×109/L | 0.61 ± 0.19 | 0.81 ± 0.36 | 0.67 ± 0.22 |
| Lymphocytes | ×109/L | 3.10 ± 1.21 | 2.66 ± 0.59 | 3.24 ± 1.09 |
| Monocytes | ×109/L | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 0.11 ± 0.06 | 0.14 ± 0.05 |
| Eosinophils | ×109/L | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.02 |
| Basophils | ×109/L | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.01 |
| LUC | ×109/L | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 |
| Reticulocytes | ×109/L | 141 ± 25 | 158 ± 34 | 169 ± 42 |
| Prothrombin time | s | 18.2 ± 1.2 | 17.7 ± 0.8 | 17.5 ± 1.1 |
| APPT | s | 15.1 ± 1.9 | 15.3 ± 1.6 | 14.6 ± 1.9 |
| Fibrinogen | g/L | 2.18 ± 0.2 | 1.98 ± 0.15 | 2.21 ± 0.19† |
Abbreviations: CHO = carbohydrate; Hb = hemoglobin; Hct = hematocrit; LUC = large unstained cells; MCV = mean corpuscular volume; MCH = mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC = mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; n = number; RBC = red blood cells; WBC = white blood cells; APPT = activated partial thromboplastin time.
All values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
*
Significantly different than the CHO diet group (p < 0.05).
†
Significantly different than the fat diet group (p < 0.05).