Table 2.

Correlations between biomarkers indexed to urinary creatinine and clinical traits

Biomarker	Age	BMI	SBP	Glucose	HDL Cholesterol	Triglycerides	eGFR	Cystatin C	UACRa
α1-microglobulin	0.14b	−0.04c	0.12b	0.10b	−0.05d	0.06b	−0.09b	0.21b	0.22b
β2-microglobulin	0.06b	−0.002	0.05c	0.04c	−0.04c	0.03	−0.09b	0.21b	0.16b
Calbindin	0.06b	0.007	0.08b	0.01	−0.008	−0.005	−0.008	−0.01	0.12b
Clusterin	0.03	−0.05c	0.002	−0.06b	0.07b	−0.04c	−0.001	−0.04c	0.10b
CTGF	0.07b	−0.05d	0.02	−0.03	0.06d	−0.04	0.04	0.03	0.13b
Cystatin-C	0.04c	0.004	0.04c	0.01	−0.02	0.03	−0.09b	0.16b	0.13b
GST-α	0.03	−0.01	0.02	−0.01	0.02	−0.03	−0.02	0.01	0.07b
Kim-1	0.19b	0.02	0.13b	0.08b	0.003	0.05d	−0.03	0.17b	0.19b
NGAL	0.06b	−0.02	0.02	0.01	0.04c	0.03	−0.06d	0.04	0.15b
Osteopontin	0.01	0.06d	0.006	0.02	−0.05d	0.001	0.04c	−0.03	−0.17
TFF-3	0.02	−0.08b	0.02	0.008	0.10b	0.03	−0.06d	0.07b	0.001
Tamm–Horsfall Protein	0.02	−0.12b	−0.02	−0.13b	0.16b	−0.08b	0.04	−0.09b	0.02
TIMP-1	0.04c	−0.001	0.01	0.02	−0.03	−0.02	−0.03	0.02	0.06b
VEGF	0.07b	−0.04c	0.03	−0.004	−0.04c	−0.02	−0.05c	0.05d	0.10b

SBP, systolic BP; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.

^aTo avoid spurious correlation caused by creatinine being the denominator in both cases, the correlation with biomarker unindexed to urinary creatinine is presented for UACR.

^bP<0.001.

^cP<0.05.

^dP<0.01.