Table 4.
Plasma levels of metabolites in patients with diabetes and CKD and healthy controls
| Metabolite | DM+CKD (n=16) versus Healthy Controls (n=16) (95% CI) (%)a | P Valueb |
|---|---|---|
| 3-hydroxy isovalerate | 185.1 (74.13 to 366.78) | 0.0001621 |
| Aconitic acid | 127.34 (39.6 to 270.22) | 0.001796 |
| Citric acid | 150.14 (25.21 to 399.7) | 0.01125 |
| 2-ethyl 3-OH propionate | 43.38 (8.43 to 89.6) | 0.01335 |
| Glycolic acid | −3.66 (−17.11 to 11.97) | 0.62 |
| Homovanillic acid | ND | – |
| 3-hydroxy isobutyrate | −95.63 (−96.71 to −94.18) | 1.90E-19 |
| 2-methyl acetoacetate | ND | – |
| 3-methyl adipic acid | ND | – |
| 3-methyl crotonyl glycine | ND | – |
| 3-hydroxy propionate | 7.38 (−28.58 to 61.46) | 0.72 |
| Tiglylglycine | ND | – |
| Uracil | ND | – |
DM, diabetes mellitus; CI, confidence interval; ND, not detected.
a
Percentage difference for DM+CKD patients versus healthy controls.
b
P values based on analysis of covariance comparison of DM+CKD versus healthy controls.