Table 2.
Patients demographic stratified by disease status.
| Variable | Male | Female | Total | P value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACS (n = 986) |
Others (n = 567) |
P value | ACS (n = 378) |
Others (n = 381) |
P value | ACS (n = 1364) |
Others (n = 948) |
||
| Age (years) | 61.2 ± 0.4 | 63.3 ± 0.5 | 0.001 | 67.1 ± 0.5 | 67.1 ± 0.5 | 0.941 | 63.1 ± 0.3 | 64.5 ± 0.4 | 0.004 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.8 ± 0.1 | 24.2 ± 0.1 | 0.026 | 23.8 ± 0.2 | 24.1 ± 0.2 | 0.232 | 23.8 ± 0.1 | 24.1 ± 0.1 | 0.014 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130 ± 1 | 132 ± 1 | 0.021 | 134 ± 1 | 136 ± 1 | 0.325 | 131 ± 1 | 133 ± 1 | 0.017 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76 ± 1 | 77 ± 1 | 0.051 | 76 ± 1 | 76 ± 1 | 0.558 | 76 ± 1 | 77 ± 1 | 0.052 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.52 ± 0.04 | 4.45 ± 0.05 | 0.306 | 4.94 ± 0.06 | 4.87 ± 0.06 | 0.428 | 4.66 ± 0.03 | 4.59 ± 0.04 | 0.168 |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.89 ± 0.04 | 2.77 ± 0.06 | 0.097 | 3.06 ± 0.05 | 2.99 ± 0.05 | 0.337 | 2.95 ± 0.03 | 2.84 ± 0.04 | 0.050 |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.99 ± 0.01 | 1.06 ± 0.01 | <0.001 | 1.15 ± 0.02 | 1.18 ± 0.02 | 0.223 | 1.04 ± 0.01 | 1.10 ± 0.01 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.82 ± 0.04 | 1.74 ± 0.06 | 0.310 | 1.83 ± 0.06 | 1.86 ± 0.06 | 0.728 | 1.83 ± 0.04 | 1.78 ± 0.05 | 0.432 |
| Lysophosphatidic acid (g/L) | 0.39 (0.23, 0.88) |
0.34 (0.21, 0.65) |
0.005 | 0.39 (0.22, 0.86) |
0.33 (0.20, 0.58) |
0.023 | 0.39 (0.23, 0.87) |
0.34 (0.21, 0.61) |
<0.001 |
| Apolipoprotein A (g/L) | 1.02 ± 0.01 | 1.11 ± 0.01 | <0.001 | 1.17 ± 0.01 | 1.24 ± 0.02 | <0.001 | 1.07 ± 0.01 | 1.15 ± 0.01 | <0.001 |
| Apolipoprotein B (g/L) | 0.78 ± 0.01 | 0.73 ± 0.01 | <0.001 | 0.85 ± 0.02 | 0.79 ± 0.02 | 0.018 | 0.81 ± 0.01 | 0.75 ± 0.01 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 6.45 ± 0.08 | 5.97 ± 0.11 | <0.001 | 7.07 ± 0.16 | 6.09 ± 0.16 | <0.001 | 6.64 ± 0.07 | 5.98 ± 0.09 | <0.001 |
| Uric acid (umol/L) | 385±4 | 404 ± 5 | 0.002 | 342 ± 6 | 358 ± 6 | 0.041 | 371 ± 3 | 388 ± 4 | <0.001 |
| Duration of coronary artery disease (years) | |||||||||
| First diagnosed patients (n = 1223) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| History diagnosed patients (n = 1089) | 2.00 (0.77, 6.31) |
2.42 (1.00, 6.99) |
0.031 | 3.21 (0.94, 9.78) |
5.07 (2.00, 10.5) |
0.002 | 2.43 (0.79, 7.15) |
3.67 (1.17, 8.96) |
<0.001 |
| Marriage (%) | 94.5 | 92.7 | 0.329 | 79.5 | 83.7 | 0.316 | 90.5 | 89.1 | 0.454 |
| Years of education (%) | 0.595 | 0.207 | 0.271 | ||||||
| ≤9 | 57.9 | 56.4 | 72.3 | 66.8 | 62.1 | 60.5 | |||
| 10–12 | 20.7 | 23.1 | 16.5 | 17.0 | 19.5 | 20.7 | |||
| ≥13 | 21.4 | 20.5 | 11.2 | 16.2 | 18.4 | 18.8 | |||
| Physical activities (%) | 0.030 | 0.445 | 0.066 | ||||||
| None | 41.7 | 31.9 | 29.8 | 33.2 | 38.3 | 32.4 | |||
| ≤30 min | 18.2 | 23.4 | 22.6 | 22.6 | 19.5 | 23.1 | |||
| >30 min | 40.1 | 44.7 | 47.6 | 44.2 | 42.2 | 44.5 | |||
| Smoking (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Never | 37.5 | 48.3 | 94.7 | 96.1 | 53.4 | 67.6 | |||
| Past | 8.9 | 14.7 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 6.9 | 9.8 | |||
| Current | 53.6 | 37.0 | 3.7 | 1.4 | 39.7 | 22.7 | |||
| Alcohol drinking (%) | 0.094 | 0.021 | 0.006 | ||||||
| Never | 68.7 | 65.7 | 98.6 | 97.7 | 77.4 | 78.6 | |||
| Past | 9.5 | 11.4 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 6.8 | 7.1 | |||
| Current | 21.8 | 22.8 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 15.8 | 14.3 | |||
| Coronary artery stenosis degree of CAG | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Not conduct | 19.6 | 43.4 | 39.9 | 58.5 | 25.2 | 49.5 | |||
| <50% | 6.5 | 18.4 | 7.7 | 22.5 | 6.9 | 20.1 | |||
| 50–74.9% | 7.3 | 9.3 | 8.5 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 8.4 | |||
| ≥75% | 66.6 | 28.9 | 43.9 | 11.8 | 60.3 | 22.0 | |||
| Triple vessel disease (%) (n = 1181 with coronary angiography) | 58.6 | 39.0 | <0.001 | 54.8 | 25.4 | <0.001 | 57.8 | 34.8 | <0.001 |
| Treatment of coronary disease (%) | |||||||||
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 71.9 | 37.9 | <0.001 | 53.6 | 15.2 | <0.001 | 66.5 | 28.1 | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery bypass graft | 2.6 | 3.3 | 0.470 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.464 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 0.972 |
| Hypertension | 49.3 | 59.1 | 0.001 | 64.0 | 63.8 | 0.956 | 53.6 | 61.1 | 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 26.8 | 23.7 | 0.181 | 38.5 | 28.5 | 0.003 | 30.1 | 25.6 | 0.021 |
| Dyslipidemia | 23.9 | 23.7 | 0.918 | 26.0 | 29.3 | 0.305 | 24.5 | 26.0 | 0.423 |
| Current prevalence of diseases (%) | |||||||||
| Hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg for SBP/DBP or drug use) |
92.8 | 88.9 | 0.015 | 92.9 | 89.0 | 0.075 | 92.9 | 89.0 | 0.002 |
| Diabetes mellitus (≥7.0 mmol/L for FPG or drug use) |
42.1 | 35.1 | 0.014 | 49.3 | 37.1 | 0.001 | 44.2 | 36.0 | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia* | 95.8 | 89.9 | <0.001 | 91.2 | 86.6 | 0.057 | 94.4 | 88.5 | <0.001 |
| Awareness rate of disease (%) | |||||||||
| Hypertension | 56.9 | 67.5 | <0.001 | 70.7 | 72.8 | 0.542 | 60.9 | 69.7 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 60.8 | 68.9 | 0.060 | 71.6 | 71.6 | 0.993 | 64.2 | 70.1 | 0.071 |
| Dyslipidemia | 25.2 | 29.3 | 0.102 | 29.6 | 35.9 | 0.090 | 26.4 | 31.9 | 0.007 |
| The metabolic syndrome and its individual components (%) | |||||||||
| Metabolic syndrome (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) | 56.5 | 50.0 | 0.016 | 65.8 | 64.2 | 0.640 | 59.1 | 55.9 | 0.129 |
| Metabolic syndrome (BMI ≥25 kg/m2, n = 1303 with waist circumference) |
56.3 | 51.9 | 0.227 | 66.8 | 67.6 | 0.880 | 58.9 | 58.0 | 0.776 |
| Metabolic syndrome (waist circumference, n = 1303) |
62.7 | 58.2 | 0.211 | 81.3 | 79.1 | 0.602 | 67.2 | 66.4 | 0.770 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) | 33.2 | 36.8 | 0.154 | 32.9 | 34.1 | 0.719 | 33.1 | 35.7 | 0.196 |
| Obesity (waist circumference >85/80 cm for male/female) |
52.2 | 56.7 | 0.191 | 82.1 | 84.2 | 0.585 | 59.4 | 67.1 | 0.005 |
| Triglycerides (≥1.70 mmol/L) | 39.8 | 31.3 | 0.001 | 43.3 | 41.7 | 0.645 | 40.8 | 35.5 | 0.012 |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<1.0/1.3 mmol/L for male/female) |
53.8 | 43.4 | <0.001 | 69.0 | 69.2 | 0.955 | 58.0 | 54.0 | 0.060 |
| High blood pressure (≥130/85 mmHg for SBP/DBP) |
94.5 | 92.3 | 0.118 | 94.0 | 93.2 | 0.645 | 94.4 | 92.7 | 0.128 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (≥5.6 mmol/L) | 59.2 | 51.7 | 0.005 | 66.8 | 54.6 | 0.001 | 61.3 | 52.9 | <0.001 |
Only 1303 but not all study samples measured waist circumference. CAG: coronary angiography.
*Dyslipidemia was defined as any one of triglyceride ≥2.26 mmol/L, total cholesterol ≥6.22 mmol/L, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥4.14 mmol/L, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <1.04 mmol/L and/or using cholesterol-lowering medicines during the last 2 weeks.