Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics according to level of cognitive impairment
| Characteristic | Cognitive status (impairment in any domain)
|
P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Impaired (n = 453) | Not impaired (n = 124) | ||
| Age, years, n (%) | |||
| <65 | 115 (25.4) | 51 (41.1) | |
| 65–74 | 105 (23.2) | 40 (32.3) | <0.001 |
| 75–84 | 150 (33.1) | 25 (20.2) | |
| 85+ | 83 (18.3) | 8 (6.5) | |
| Female, n (%) | 190 (42.0) | 64 (51.6) | 0.06 |
| Caucasian, n (%) | 402 (91.0) | 108 (88.5) | 0.42 |
| Lives with spouse/partner, n (%) | 222 (49.0) | 68 (54.8) | 0.25 |
| Education, n (%) | |||
| <High school | 126 (27.8) | 12 (9.8) | |
| High school graduate/some college | 175 (38.6) | 37 (30.1) | <0.001 |
| ≥College graduate | 152 (33.6) | 74 (60.2) | |
| Recurrent HF, n (%) | 331 (73.4) | 80 (65.0) | 0.07 |
| Hospitalized for HF within3 months, n (%) | 111 (25.9) | 21 (18.0) | 0.022 |
| Attended an HF clinic, n (%) | 132 (29.1) | 35 (28.2) | 0.55 |
| High depressive symptoms, n (%)a | 185 (42.1) | 41 (33.3) | 0.08 |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||
| Cardiovascular disease | 250 (55.2) | 73 (58.9) | 0.46 |
| Myocardial infarction | 145 (32.0) | 44 (35.5) | 0.47 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 84 (18.5) | 20 (16.1) | 0.54 |
| Hypertension | 355 (78.4) | 101 (81.5) | 0.46 |
| Diabetes | 191 (42.2) | 50 (40.3) | 0.71 |
| Stroke | 59 (13.0) | 10 (8.1) | 0.13 |
| Anemia | 101 (22.3) | 23 (18.6) | 0.37 |
| Cancer | 63 (13.9) | 15 (12.1) | 0.60 |
| Depression | 65 (14.4) | 13 (10.5) | 0.27 |
| Asthma/COPD | 148 (32.7) | 30 (24.2) | 0.07 |
| Renal disease | 173 (38.2) | 31 (25.0) | 0.006 |
| Number of comorbidities, n (%)b | |||
| 0–1 | 48 (10.6) | 21 (16.9) | 0.012 |
| 2–4 | 258 (57.0) | 78 (62.9) | |
| 5+ | 147 (32.5) | 25 (20.2) | |
Notes:
a
Based on Geriatric Depression Scale-5 responses
b
number of comorbidities includes diagnoses of any conditions listed under “Medical history.”
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HF, heart failure.