Table 1.
Gender-specific odds of depression for those with migraine versus those without.
| Variables | Women (n = 36,176) | Men (n = 30,544) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Has migraine headaches | ||||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent |
| Yes | 2.17 | (1.97, 2.40) | 2.17 | (1.96, 2.40) | 1.89 | (1.71, 2.10) | 2.49 | (2.10, 2.95) | 2.46 | (2.07, 2.91) | 2.02 | (1.70, 2.41) |
| Demographics | ||||||||||||
| Age | ||||||||||||
| <30 | 4.07 | (3.31, 5.01) | 4.29 | (3.46, 5.31) | 6.86 | (5.50, 8.57) | 2.82 | (2.10, 3.79) | 2.25 | (1.65, 3.07) | 3.83 | (2.79, 5.25) |
| 30–49 | 3.46 | (2.82, 4.26) | 4.63 | (3.73, 5.74) | 6.67 | (5.35, 8.31) | 3.80 | (2.85, 5.06) | 4.32 | (3.22, 5.80) | 6.27 | (4.65, 8.45) |
| 50–64 | 2.71 | (2.18, 3.37) | 3.50 | (2.80, 4.37) | 4.34 | (3.47, 5.44) | 2.39 | (1.76, 3.24) | 2.75 | (2.02, 3.74) | 3.28 | (2.41, 4.48) |
| 65+ | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent |
| Race | ||||||||||||
| White | 1.10 | (0.96, 1.25) | 1.14 | (1.00, 1.29) | 1.12 | (0.99, 1.28) | 1.25 | (1.04, 1.49) | 1.32 | (1.11, 1.58) | 1.24 | (1.03, 1.49) |
| Visible minority | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent |
| Adult SES and Marital Status | ||||||||||||
| Household income | ||||||||||||
| Missing | 0.84 | (0.73, 0.97) | 0.82 | (0.72, 0.95) | 0.94 | (0.78, 1.15) | 0.92 | (0.75, 1.12) | ||||
| 0–29,999 | 1.56 | (1.39, 1.74) | 1.38 | (1.23, 1.54) | 1.85 | (1.60, 2.15) | 1.61 | (1.38, 1.87) | ||||
| 30,000 or more | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | ||||
| Education | ||||||||||||
| ≤High school degree | 0.96 | (0.87, 1.05) | 0.93 | (0.84, 1.02) | 0.88 | (0.78, 1.00) | 0.82 | (0.72, 0.93) | ||||
| Postsecondary degree | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Not married | 1.73 | (1.57, 1.91) | 1.68 | (1.52, 1.86) | 2.10 | (1.84, 2.40) | 2.08 | (1.82, 2.38) | ||||
| Married | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | ||||
| Disability | ||||||||||||
| Has difficulty with activities | ||||||||||||
| Sometimes | 2.11 | (1.87, 2.38) | 2.80 | (2.41, 3.26) | ||||||||
| Often | 3.14 | (2.75, 3.58) | 3.58 | (3.04, 4.23) | ||||||||
| Never | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | ||||||
| ADL | ||||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | ||||||
| Yes | 2.02 | (1.55, 2.64) | 2.29 | (1.65, 3.20) | ||||||||
ADL = Activities of daily living.