Table 2.

Phase I clinical trials of oncolytic attenuated measles vaccine (MV-Edm) derivatives.

MV Strain	Genetic Modification	Type of Cancer	Patient population	Route of administration	Combination treatment	Current status
MV-Edm Zagreb vaccine strain (MV-EZ)	Commercially available measles vaccine (genetically unmodified)	CTLC	Five measles immune patients with ≥ stage IIb refractory or recurrent CTCL	Intratumoral	Subcutaneous interferon-alpha administration 72 hours and 24 hours before viral treatment.	Completed study [82]; No dose-limiting toxicity. Complete regression of 1 injected lesion, partial regression of 4 treated lesions and no response of 1 injected lesion.
MV-CEA	MV-Edm derivative engineered to express the soluble extracellular domain of human CEA	Ovarian cancer	Twenty-one measles immune patients with recurrent ovarian cancer confined to the peritoneal cavity	Intraperitoneal	No	Completed study [58]. No dose-limiting toxicity. Dose-dependent CEA detection. Stable disease in 14 patients (best objective response). Increased median overall survival compared to historical controls.
		Glioblastoma multiforme	Recruiting measles immune patients who are candidates for gross total or subtotal tumor resection.	Intracranial.	No	Recruiting [87].
MV-NIS	MV-Edm derivative engineered to express NIS	Multiple myeloma	Recruiting patients with recurrent or refractory multiple myeloma	Intravenous	With or without cyclophosphamide pretreatment 48 hours before viral treatment	Recruiting [81].
		Ovarian cancer	Recruiting measles immune patients with recurrent or refractory ovarian cancer confined to the peritoneal cavity	Intraperitoneal	No	Recruiting [86]
		Mesothelioma	Recruiting patients with malignant mesothelioma confined to single pleural cavity	Intrapleural	No	Recruiting [88]

CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen; CTCL: Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; MTD: Maximum tolerated dose; NIS: Sodium iodide symporter; TCID₅₀: 50% tissue culture infective dose