Table 1.
HIV knowledge and behavior
| Variable | n | Total sample | M | F | P-value† (H0: M = F) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Knowledge on the existence of HIV/AIDS | |||||
| Never heard of HIV/AIDS | 1929 | 10.5% | 5.5% | 15.3% | 0.000* |
| HIV prevention knowledge# | |||||
| HIV prevention knowledge indicator, total score (0–11)‡ | 1657 | 7.01 | 7.15 | 6.85 | 0.017* |
| HIV prevention knowledge indicator, average score (−1 to 2) | 1657 | 1.43 | 1.52 | 1.33 | 0.000* |
| a. Mentions abstaining from sex can prevent HIV contraction | 1726 | 24.3% | 22.7% | 26.1% | 0.101 |
| b. Mentions being faithful can prevent HIV contraction | 1726 | 51.7% | 50.4% | 53.1% | 0.270 |
| c. Mentions condoms can prevent HIV infection | 1726 | 43.3% | 54.3% | 31.2% | 0.000* |
| Mentions one of the abc | 1726 | 82.2% | 87.1% | 76.6% | 0.000* |
| Mentions abc | 1726 | 5.3% | 5.1% | 5.6% | 0.651 |
| Does not know where to get condoms | 1932 | 19.4% | 9.4% | 29.1% | 0.000* |
| HIV-related perceptions | |||||
| HIV stigma indicator (0–4) | 1723 | 2.09 | 2.04 | 2.16 | 0.023* |
| HIV transmission misperception indicator (0–3) | 1723 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.82 | 0.306 |
| Risk perception of unprotected sex (1–7) | 1914 | 5.46 | 5.52 | 5.40 | 0.258 |
| HIV-related behavior | |||||
| HIV prevention indicator, total score (0–11) | 1676 | 6.67 | 6.78 | 6.54 | 0.158 |
| HIV prevention indicator, average score (−1 to 2) | 1676 | 1.33 | 1.43 | 1.22 | 0.000* |
| a. Mentions abstaining from sex to prevent HIV contraction | 1726 | 17.1% | 14.3% | 20.2% | 0.001* |
| b. Mentions being faithful to prevent HIV contraction | 1726 | 50.8% | 49.4% | 52.4% | 0.225 |
| c. Uses condoms to prevent HIV | 1726 | 37.1% | 47.0% | 26.3% | 0.000* |
| Used condom during most recent sex | 1961 | 18.9% | 27.8% | 10.1% | 0.000* |
| Had more than one sexual partner in past year | 1855 | 12.8% | 23.8% | 1.9% | 0.000* |
| Married respondents that had more than one sexual partner in the past year | 1258 | 10.5% | 19.6% | 1.9% | 0.000* |
| HIV prevalence | 964 | 1.45% | 0.84% | 2.06% | 0.114 |
Notes:
†
Statistical differences based on Wilcoxon rank-sum test
*
significant results (P < 0.05)
‡
these results are calculated only for those respondents who had ever heard of HIV (results including those who had never heard of HIV were also calculated, but this hardly changed the results). The difference in abstaining from sex became much less significant (P = 0.78).
#
Based on a subsample of those who had heard of HIV/AIDS.
Abbreviations: ABC, abstinence, be faithful, use a condom; AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; F, female; HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus; M, male.