Table 1.
Participants’ Characteristics by Tertiles of the Neighborhood Socioeconomic Score: the CARDIA study, 1992–93 (N=2505)*
| Characteristics | Tertile, SES Range | P for trend |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lowest (n =835) |
Intermediate (n =836) |
Highest (n =834) |
||
| Demographic & Anthropomorphic Characteristics | ||||
| Age, mean years ± standard deviation (SD) | 31 ± 4 | 32 ± 4 | 32 ± 3 | <0.001 |
| Male sex, no. (%) | 344 (41) | 380 (45) | 408 (49) | 0.002 |
| Black race, no. (%) | 684 (82) | 406 (49) | 172 (21) | <0.001 |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 85 ± 14 | 83 ± 13 | 80 ± 12 | <0.001 |
| Hip Circumference (cm) | 107 ± 12 | 105 ± 11 | 102 ± 9 | <0.001 |
| Body Mass Index† | 28 ± 6 | 26 ± 6 | 25 ± 5 | <0.001 |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Currently married | 311 (37) | 406 (49) | 445 (53) | <0.001 |
| Clinical History-no. (%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 34 (4) | 20 (2) | 20 (2) | 0.04 |
| Hypertension | 78 (9) | 67 (8) | 49 (6) | 0.008 |
| Current smoker | 288 (34) | 161 (19) | 118 (14) | <0.001 |
| Elevated cholesterol | 89 (11) | 112 (13) | 113 (14) | 0.07 |
| History of peripheral vascular disease | 7 (0.8) | 6 (0.7) | 2 (0.2) | 0.11 |
| History of asthma, emphysema, or bronchitis | 99 (12) | 92 (11) | 88 (11) | 0.40 |
| Fasting Blood Glucose and Lipid Levels: mean ± SD | ||||
| Glucose (mg/dL): | 81 ± 12 | 81 ± 10 | 83 ± 9 | <0.001 |
| Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 111 ± 31 | 110 ± 30 | 110 ± 29 | 0.57 |
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 53 ± 12 | 53 ± 13 | 54 ± 13 | 0.03 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 70 ± 44 | 71 ± 45 | 72 ± 44 | 0.09 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 178 ± 35 | 177 ± 33 | 179 ± 31 | 0.47 |
*
Chi-square test and the Mantel-Haenszel extension test were performed to detect linear trends across increasing tertiles of the Neighborhood SES score.
†
The body-mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters.