Table 2.
Hazard ratios for mortality, loss to follow up and retention on ART.
| Mortality | Loss to follow up | Retention on ART | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted sHR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted sHR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age group (years) | ||||||
| 0–1 | 1.37 (1.17–1.60) | 1.37 (1.18–1.59) | 0.71 (0.64–0.79) | |||
| 2–5 | 0.81 (0.73–0.90) | 0.84 (0.75–0.94) | 1.25 (1.16–1.35) | |||
| 6–14 | 0.63 (0.57–0.70) | 0.63 (0.56–0.70) | 1.66 (1.54–1.79) | |||
| 15–24 | 1.17 (1.10–1.25) | 1.27 (1.19–1.35) | 0.81 (0.77–0.85) | |||
| 25–34 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 35–44 | 0.94 (0.91–0.98) | 0.81 (0.77–0.85) | 1.15 (1.11–1.18) | |||
| 45– | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | <0.001 | 0.79 (0.75–0.83) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.09–1.17) | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Male | 1.39 (1.34–1.44) | <0.001 | 1.21 (1.17–1.26) | <0.001 | 0.75 (0.73–0.77) | <0.001 |
| WHO stage at start | ||||||
| I or II | 0.48 (0.45–0.52) | 0.59 (0.55–0.63) | 1.93 (1.84–2.02) | |||
| III or IV | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Year of starting ART | ||||||
| 2004 | 1.65 (1.54–1.76) | 0.56 (0.51–0.62) | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) | |||
| 2005 | 1.57 (1.50–1.64) | 0.88 (0.84–0.93) | 0.82 (0.79–0.85) | |||
| 2006 | 1.34 (1.28–1.39) | 0.90 (0.86–0.94) | 0.90 (0.88–0.93) | |||
| 2007 | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Region | ||||||
| Northern | 1.26 (1.20–1.32) | 0.85 (0.80–0.90) | 0.94 (0.90–0.97) | |||
| Central | 1.05 (1.01–1.10) | 1.11 (1.07–1.16) | 0.93 (0.90–0.95) | |||
| Southern | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Degree of urbanization | ||||||
| Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Semiurban | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 1.01 (0.96–1.07) | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) | |||
| Rural | 1.02 (0.98–1.07) | 0.41 | 0.82 (0.78–0.86) | <0.001 | 1.08 (1.04–1.11) | <0.001 |
| Health care facility | ||||||
| Central hospital | 0.69 (0.65–0.73) | 1.30 (1.23–1.38) | 1.07 (1.03–1.12) | |||
| District hospital | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Rural hospital | 0.86 (0.79–0.94) | 1.11 (1.01–1.21) | 1.05 (0.99–1.12) | |||
| Health centre | 0.87 (0.82–0.92) | 0.71 (0.66–0.76) | 1.28 (1.23–1.34) | |||
| Others* | 0.80 (0.76–0.85) | <0.001 | 1.09 (1.03–1.15) | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.05–1.14) | <0.001 |
Mortality and loss to follow were analyzed according to the competing risk method. The hazard ratios (HR) for retention on ART are calculated as inverses of hazard ratios obtained by fitting a Cox regression model with failure defined as meeting any of the following endpoints: death, loss to follow up or stopping treatment.
All analyses were adjusted for all the variables shown in the table. sHR=subhazard ratio; HR=hazard ratio; CI=confidence interval
*
NGOs, armed forces, occupational clinics