Table 1.
Sample dates and locations and different types of human parechovirus detected in Dutch sewage samplesa
| Location no. | Location | Virus type(s) (no. of clones) detected on sampling date |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28 April 2010 | 2010-2011 school year |
||||||
| 28 September 2010 | 2 November 2010 | 15 March 2011 | 12 April 2011 | 7 June 2011 | |||
| 1 | Gouda (school A) | − | − | HPeV1 (5) | − | − | − |
| 2 | Gouda (school B) | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| 3 | Gouda (school C) | HPeV3 (4) HPeV6 (7) | HPeV3 (13) | HPeV1 (6) | HPeV6 (10) | − | HPeV1 (3) HPeV3 (4) HPeV6 (1) |
| 4 | Dordrecht (school) | HPeV1 (4) HPeV3 (11) | − | − | − | − | |
| 5 | Gorinchem | HPeV3 (11) | HPeV1 (12) | HPeV1 (9) | − | − | − |
| 6 | Gorinchem (school) | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| 7 | Leerbroek | + | + | − | − | − | − |
| Sampling date | 13 April 2010 | 6 October 2010 | 16 November 2010 | 1 March 2011 | 29 March 2011 | 17 May 2011 | |
| 8 | Kesteren | HPeV6 (7) | HPeV3 (5) | HPeV1 (8) | − | − | HPeV1 (5) |
| 9 | Kesteren (school) | + | − | + | HPeV1 (24) | − | − |
| 10 | Amersfoort (school) | − | − | HPeV6 (8) | − | − | − |
| 11 | Opheusden | + | HPeV1 (6) HPeV3 (6) | HPeV1 (7) | HPeV1 (10) | HPeV1 (4) | HPeV1 (10) |
| 12 | Veenendaal | HPeV3 (10) | HPeV1 (3) HPeV6 (1) | − | − | − | − |
| 13 | Veenendaal (school) | + | − | − | − | − | HPeV1 (10) |
| 14 | Apeldoorn (school) | + | − | HPeV1 (2) HPeV3 (7) | − | − | ND |
| 15 | Kootwijk | − | HPeV1 (6) | HPeV1 (7) | − | + | HPeV1 (4) |
a
−, negative; +, 5′ UTR PCR positive but negative with the VP3-VP1 PCR; ND, not done.