Table 5.
Odds ratios (OR) and upper and lower confidence intervals (CI) for MST endpoints versus selected pathogens in water using AADa
| Value for indicated pathogen(s) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MST endpoint | Estimate | Campylobacter spp. | Salmonella spp. | E. coli O157:H7 | Cryptosporidium | Giardia | Hepatitis E | Norovirus GII | Rotavirus |
| Cryptosporidium a/w livestock | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.00 | 6.76 | 0.24 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| OR estimate | 1.27 | 3.62 | 0.00 | ∞ | 1.13 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | 5.35 | 29.35 | ∞ | ∞ | 4.25 | ∞ | 11.81 | ∞ | |
| Cryptosporidium a/w wildlife | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.82 | 0.28 | 0.00 | 17.73 | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| OR estimate | 2.35 | 2.21 | 0.00 | ∞ | 0.42 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | 6.77 | 17.62 | ∞ | ∞ | 1.34 | ∞ | 77.91 | ∞ | |
| Cryptosporidium a/w avians | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.32 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| OR estimate | ∞ | 0.00 | 0.00 | ∞ | 1.83 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | ∞ | 541.39 | ∞ | ∞ | 36.67 | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | |
| Cryptosporidium a/w humans | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| OR estimate | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ∞ | 7.18 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | 13.21 | 79.75 | ∞ | ∞ | 588.77 | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | |
| Cryptosporidium a/w muskrats/voles | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.65 | 0.42 | 0.00 | 9.75 | 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| OR estimate | 2.06 | 3.36 | 0.00 | ∞ | 0.69 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | 6.35 | 27.26 | ∞ | ∞ | 2.21 | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | |
| Cryptosporidium a/w unknown sources | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.00 | 2.46 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| OR estimate | 1.27 | 3.62 | 0.00 | ∞ | 0.70 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | 5.35 | 29.35 | ∞ | ∞ | 3.66 | ∞ | 77.91 | ∞ | |
| Bacteroidales ruminant marker | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.28 | 0.01 | 0.33 | 1.33 | 0.41 | 0.08 | 0.67 | 0.03 |
| OR estimate | 0.59 | 0.39 | 6.50 | 4.74 | 1.79 | ∞ | 2.68 | 1.54 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | 1.19 | 3.00 | 389.00 | 21.66 | 6.89 | ∞ | 10.17 | 30.79 | |
| Bacteroidales muskrat marker | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 |
| OR estimate | 0.55 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.42 | 2.36 | 0.00 | 0.88 | 0.00 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | 1.97 | 7.85 | 36.75 | 8.46 | 48.35 | 450.19 | 7.85 | 19.46 | |
| Bacteroidales Canada goose marker | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.32 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| OR estimate | 1.43 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.76 | 2.36 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | 6.43 | ∞ | 53.70 | 106.91 | 48.35 | 1249.15 | 0.83 | 71.37 | |
| Bacteroidales pig marker | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.21 | 0.34 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| OR estimate | 1.42 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.68 | 5.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | 19.90 | 38.60 | 157.86 | 146.06 | 74.80 | 3676.05 | 241.45 | 931.99 | |
| Bacteroidales human marker | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 |
| OR estimate | 0.59 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.45 | 1.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.13 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | 1.59 | 4.38 | 20.93 | 1.95 | 5.87 | 241.45 | 1.81 | 29.00 | |
| Hepatitis A virus a/w humans | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| OR estimate | ∞ | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | ∞ | 483.82 | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | 3917.62 | 240.89 | 998.20 | |
| Astrovirus a/w humans | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.41 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.27 | 0.00 |
| OR estimate | 1.44 | 0.88 | 0.00 | ∞ | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.68 | 0.00 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | 5.81 | 7.76 | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | 240.89 | 7.61 | 9.77 | |
| Norovirus GI a/w humans | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.60 | 0.24 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.32 | 0.00 |
| OR estimate | 2.51 | 2.66 | 0.00 | ∞ | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.06 | 0.00 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | 15.10 | 17.53 | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | 283.74 | 9.69 | 11.65 | |
| Norovirus GIII a/w bovines | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.76 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.21 | 0.12 | 0.05 |
| OR estimate | 3.85 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ∞ | 1.27 | 2.78 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | 38.00 | 4.93 | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | 7.07 | 38.29 | |
| Norovirus GIV a/w humans | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.36 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.32 | 0.20 | 0.00 |
| OR estimate | 2.16 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ∞ | 2.21 | 0.00 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | 22.89 | 8.21 | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | 14.21 | 20.95 | |
| Sapovirus a/w humans | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| OR estimate | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | |
| Human torque teno virus | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.55 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| OR estimate | 2.97 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | 30.17 | 6.19 | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | 379.94 | 2.79 | 15.99 | |
| Torque teno sus virus a/w swine | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.55 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
| OR estimate | 2.97 | 1.44 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.67 | 0.00 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | 30.17 | 13.55 | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | 379.94 | 5.54 | 15.99 | |
| Adenovirus 40/41 a/w humans | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.16 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| OR estimate | 2.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | 113.49 | 20.95 | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | 998.20 | 9.77 | 50.58 | |
| General adenovirus a/w humans | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| OR estimate | 0.69 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | 54.79 | 69.91 | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | 2002.36 | 33.77 | 155.20 | |
| F-RNA coliphage a/w human origin | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.17 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.22 | 0.00 |
| OR estimate | 1.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.52 | 0.00 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | 7.27 | 11.70 | 52.81 | ∞ | ∞ | 530.43 | 17.55 | 23.41 | |
| F-RNA coliphage a/w animal origin | Lower 95% CI OR estimate | 0.91 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.18 | 0.01 |
| OR estimate | 2.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.73 | 0.00 | ∞ | 0.72 | 0.49 | |
| Upper 95% CI OR estimate | 4.62 | 1.12 | 5.57 | 48.21 | 11.80 | ∞ | 2.57 | 6.41 | |
a
Significant results are in bold. a/w, associated with.