Table 3.

In vitro activities of ceftaroline-avibactam, ceftaroline, and comparators against Gram-positive pathogens

Organism (no. of isolates tested) and drug	MIC (μg/ml)			% of isolatesc
	50%	90%	Range	Susceptible	Intermediate	Resistant
Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (2,037)
Ceftaroline-avibactama	0.25	0.25	≤0.03–0.5	100	0	0
Ceftaroline	0.25	0.25	≤0.03–0.5	100	0	0
Cefepimeb	2	4	≤0.25–16	NA	NA	NA
Ceftriaxone	4	4	≤0.25–64	NA	NA	NA
Cefazolin	≤0.5	≤0.5	≤0.5–32	NA	NA	NA
Meropenem	0.12	0.25	≤0.03–4	NA	NA	NA
Piperacillin-tazobactam	≤1	≤1	≤1–32	NA	NA	NA
Vancomycin	1	1	≤0.12–2	100	0	0
Daptomycin	0.25	0.25	≤0.03–1	100
Linezolid	2	4	≤0.12–4	100		0
Clindamycin	≤0.12	≤0.12	≤0.12–>8	94.1	0.1	5.8
Doxycyclined	≤0.12	0.25	≤0.12–16	98.9	0.7	0.4
Tigecyclinee	0.12	0.25	0.06–1	100	0	0
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole	≤0.12	≤0.12	≤0.12–>8	99.6		0.4
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (502)f
Ceftaroline-avibactam	0.5	1	0.25–2	99.8	0.2	0
Ceftaroline	0.5	1	0.25–2	99.6	0.4	0
Cefepime	64	>64	4–>64	NA	NA	NA
Ceftriaxone	>64	>64	4–>64	NA	NA	NA
Cefazolin	32	>128	1–>128	NA	NA	NA
Meropenem	4	32	0.12–>32	NA	NA	NA
Piperacillin-tazobactam	32	128	2–256	NA	NA	NA
Vancomycin	1	1	0.5–2	100	0	0
Daptomycin	0.25	0.5	0.06–2	99.8		0.2
Linezolid	2	4	≤0.12–4	100		0
Clindamycin	≤0.12	>8	≤0.12–>8	61.0	0	39.0
Doxycycline	≤0.12	0.5	≤0.12–16	98.9	0.7	0.4
Tigecycline	0.12	0.5	0.06–1	98.8	0	1.2
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole	≤0.12	≤0.12	≤0.12–>8	96.4		3.6
Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis (265)
Ceftaroline-avibactam	0.25	0.25	≤0.03–0.5	NA	NA	NA
Ceftaroline	0.25	0.5	≤0.03–0.5	NA	NA	NA
Cefepime	4	16	≤0.25–>64	NA	NA	NA
Ceftriaxone	8	32	≤0.25–>64	NA	NA	NA
Cefazolin	1	4	≤0.5–8	NA	NA	NA
Meropenem	1	16	≤0.03–32	NA	NA	NA
Piperacillin-tazobactam	≤1	4	≤1–64	NA	NA	NA
Vancomycin	1	2	≤0.12–2	100	0	0
Daptomycin	0.12	0.25	≤0.03–0.5	100
Linezolid	0.5	1	≤0.12–4	100		0
Clindamycin	≤0.12	>8	≤0.12–>8	62.1	1.5	36.4
Doxycycline	0.25	1	≤0.12–32	95.9	3.3	0.8
Tigecycline	0.12	0.5	≤0.03–1	98.1	0	1.9
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole	≤0.12	8	≤0.12–>8	66.8		33.2
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (52)
Ceftaroline-avibactam	0.5	0.5	0.25–1	NA	NA	NA
Ceftaroline	0.5	0.5	0.25–1	NA	NA	NA
Cefepime	>64	>64	16–>64	NA	NA	NA
Ceftriaxone	>64	>64	16–>64	NA	NA	NA
Cefazolin	128	128	32–>128	NA	NA	NA
Meropenem	32	32	4–>32	NA	NA	NA
Piperacillin-tazobactam	32	64	≤1–128	NA	NA	NA
Vancomycin	1	2	≤0.12–2	100	0	0
Daptomycin	0.12	0.25	≤0.03–0.25	100
Linezolid	1	1	≤0.12–2	100		0
Clindamycin	>8	>8	≤0.12–>8	19.2	0	80.8
Doxycycline	0.5	1	≤0.12–1	100	0	0
Tigecycline	0.12	0.25	0.06–0.5	100	0	0
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole	4	8	≤0.12–>8	15.4		84.6
Streptococcus pneumoniae (540)
Ceftaroline-avibactam	≤0.03	0.03	≤0.03–0.25	100
Ceftaroline	≤0.03	0.03	≤0.03–0.25	100
Ceftriaxone	≤0.12	≤0.12	≤0.12–4	99.1	0.7	0.2
Cefuroxime	≤0.25	≤0.25	≤0.25–16	92.2	1.7	6.1
Penicilling	≤0.03	0.25	≤0.03–8	84.7	10.7	4.6
Meropenem	≤0.06	0.12	≤0.06–1	93.3	3.3	3.3
Vancomycin	0.25	0.5	≤0.12–1	100
Linezolid	1	1	≤0.12–2	100
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole	0.25	2	≤0.12–>8	83.9	6.5	9.6
Streptococcus pyogenes (154)
Ceftaroline-avibactam	≤0.03	≤0.03	≤0.03	100
Ceftaroline	≤0.03	≤0.03	≤0.03	100
Ceftriaxone	≤0.12	≤0.12	≤0.12–0.25	100
Penicillin	≤0.03	≤0.03	≤0.03–0.06	100
Meropenem	≤0.06	≤0.06	≤0.06–0.12	100
Vancomycin	0.5	0.5	0.25–1	100
Daptomycin	0.06	0.12	≤0.03–0.12	100
Linezolid	1	1	0.25–2	100
Clarithromycin	≤0.03	1	≤0.03–>32	86.4	1.9	11.7
Tigecycline	0.03	0.06	≤0.015–0.25	100
Streptococcus agalactiae (93)h
Ceftaroline-avibactam	≤0.008	0.015	≤0.008–0.015	100
Ceftaroline	≤0.015	≤0.015	≤0.008–0.03	100
Ceftriaxone	≤0.12	≤0.12	≤0.12	100
Penicillin	0.06	0.06	≤0.03–0.12	100
Meropenem	≤0.06	≤0.06	≤0.06	100
Vancomycin	0.5	0.5	0.25–0.5	100
Daptomycin	0.25	0.25	≤0.03–0.5	100
Linezolid	1	2	0.25–2	100
Clarithromycin	≤0.03	32	≤0.03–>32	67.7	5.4	26.9
Tigecycline	0.06	0.06	≤0.015–0.12	100

^aCeftaroline-avibactam MICs were interpreted by using ceftaroline MIC breakpoints (18).

^bIsolates were tested against cefepime in 2011 and 2012 only.

^cNA, MIC breakpoints not available in CLSI document M100-S23 (18).

^dIsolates of staphylococci were tested against doxycycline in 2011 and 2012 only (1,206 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, 279 methicillin-resistant S. aureus, 121 methicillin-susceptible S. epidermidis, and 21 methicillin-susceptible S. epidermidis isolates).

^eTigecycline MICs were interpreted by using breakpoints defined by the FDA. Isolates of S. aureus testing as nonsusceptible to tigecycline were reported as resistant.

^fThe 502 MRSA (mecA-positive) isolates included 189 community-associated isolates (CMRSA7 [USA400] and CMRSA10 [USA300]), 291 genotypically defined health care-associated isolates (various genotypes), and 22 mecA-positive isolates with unique staphylococcal protein A (spa) types.

^gPenicillin MICs interpreted by using oral penicillin V breakpoints in CLSI document M100-S23 (18).

^hIsolates of S. agalactiae tested were from 2011 and 2012 only.