Fig 1.

Hydrodynamic injection with pcDNA-KS increases the survival rate of GAS-infected mice. KS plasmid pcDNA3.1-KS or control plasmid pcDNA3.1 (10 μg in 2 ml saline) was transfected in BALB/c mice through hydrodynamic injection. The expression levels of KS in organs or serum after 12 h (a) and in serum at various time points (b) were determined by ELISA. Saline and pcDNA3.1 plasmid were used as negative controls. ND, not detectable. (c) After 12 h, GAS was inoculated in the air pouch and the survival rate was determined. (n = 14 mice for each group). Experiments were performed three times, and one representative experiment is shown. **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.