Efficacy of fosmidomycin either complexed with or conjugated to octaarginine against Mycobacterium species. (A and B) Fluorescent micrographs of Mycobacterium smegmatis (A) and Mycobacteria bovis BCG (B) showing incorporation of FAM-octaarginine (green). DAPI (blue) is shown as a reference for bacterial DNA. (C) Growth curves of cultured M. bovis BCG in the presence of FAM-octaarginine (C), fosmidomycin (D), the fosmidomycin-octaarginine salt complex 2 (E), the covalent conjugate 3 (F), and isoniazid, a first-line drug for tuberculosis therapy (G).