Fig 4.

Effects of arabinose concentrations on the lengths of E. coli cells harboring pHERD30T-LL37 under aerobic (A) and anaerobic (B) growth conditions. Cells were grown in LB medium, and the images were acquired by using fluorescence microscopy. The average lengths of 60 to 70 cells were measured using Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's test. The data are presented as means ± SD of 30 to 40 independent biological samples. The lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in length between l-arabinose-treated and untreated groups at different sampling time points.