Table 1.

Proteins known to affect DNA recombination in yeast, mammalian, and plant mitochondria

Organism and protein	Molecular function	Mutant phenotype on recombination
Yeast
Abf2	High-mobility-group protein primarily for mtDNA packaging	Increases Holliday junctions, reduces repeat-mediated recombination
Exo5	5′-3′ exonuclease	Unknown
Hmi1	3′-5′ DNA helicase	mtDNA fragmentation
Mgm101	Single-strand annealing protein	Decreases repeat-mediated recombination
Mhr1	Homologous pairing in vitro	Decreases gene conversion
MRX complex	5′-3′ exonuclease	Decreases repeat-mediated recombination
Msh1	Mismatch repair-like protein	Increases repeat-mediated recombination
Nuc1	Endo/exonuclease	Decreases mtDNA recombination
Pif1	5′-3′ DNA helicase	Reduces recombination in ρ+ × ρ− crosses
Rim1	Single-stranded DNA binding protein	Suppresses pif1 mutation
Mammal
mtTFA	mtDNA transcription and packaging, binding to four-way junctions	Increases Holliday junctions
Rad51	Recombinase	Unknown
SSB	Single-stranded DNA binding protein	Unknown
Twinkle	DNA helicase	Overexpression increases Holliday junctions
Plant
Msh1	Mismatch repair-like protein	Increases mtDNA rearrangements
RecA3	RecA ortholog	Increases mtDNA rearrangements
Rad52-1B	Single-strand annealing protein	Unknown