Table 3.
Distribution of antimicrobial drug resistance in relation to source group and ST131 status among 953 E. coli isolates from reproductive-age women with cystitis or pyelonephritis and from healthy fecal controls
| Antibiotic resistance or other traita | No. (column %) with trait by isolate source and ST131 status |
P values by isolate source (vs ST131)b |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fecal |
Cystitis |
Pyelonephritis |
|||||||
| ST131 (n = 4) | Non-ST131 (n = 326) | ST131 (n = 42) | Non-ST131 (n = 280) | ST131 (n = 89) | Non-ST131 (n = 212) | Fecal | Cystitis | Pyelonephritis | |
| Antibiotics | |||||||||
| Ampicillin | 4 (100) | 78 (24) | 42 (100) | 93 (33) | 89 (100) | 71 (33) | 0.004 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate | 4 (100) | 42 (13) | 42 (100) | 48 (17) | 89 (100) | 13 (6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Cephalothin | 1 (25) | 46 (14) | 23 (55) | 106 (38) | 54 (61) | 103 (49) | NS | 0.043 | NS |
| TMP-SMZ | 2 (50) | 23 (7) | 22 (52) | 42 (15) | 52 (58) | 35 (17) | NS | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Nitrofurantoin | 0 (0) | 3 (1) | 4 (10) | 6 (2) | 9 (10) | 0 (0) | NS | 0.029 | <0.001 |
| Gentamicin | 1 (25) | 3 (1) | 9 (21) | 10 (4) | 13 (15) | 8 (4) | 0.039 | <0.001 | 0.002 |
| Amikacin | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (6) | 3 (1) | 5 (6) | 1 (<1) | NS | 0.031 | 0.010 |
| Norfloxacin | 1 (25) | 13 (4) | 15 (36) | 25 (9) | 37 (42) | 5 (2) | NS | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Ciprofloxacin | 1 (25) | 13 (4) | 15 (35) | 26 (9) | 36 (41) | 5 (2) | NS | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Imipenem | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 1 (<1) | 1 (1) | 1 (<1) | NS | ||
| Nalidixic acid | 1 (25) | 16 (5) | 24 (58) | 44 (16) | 58 (65) | 14 (6) | NS | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Tetracycline | 4 (100) | 104 (32) | 37 (88) | 166 (59) | 84 (94) | 112 (53) | 0.011 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Ceftriaxone | 0 (0) | 3 (1) | 4 (10) | 9 (3) | 11 (12) | 7 (3) | NS | NS | 0.006 |
| Ceftazidime | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 2 (1) | 3 (3) | 9 (4) | NS | NS | NS |
| ESBL production | 0(0) | 3 (1) | 5 (11) | 9 (3) | 17 (19) | 10 (5) | NS | 0.002 | <0.001 |
| Resistance to >1 agent | 4 (100) | 75 (23) | 42 (100) | 93 (33) | 89 (100) | 71 (33) | NS | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Biofilm production | 4 (100) | 52 (16) | 36 (86) | 151 (53) | 89 (100) | 128 (60) | NS | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Resistance score (median [range]) | 5 (5–9) | 2 (0–8) | 7 (5–11) | 5 (0–9) | 9 (7–13) | 8 (3–10) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
a
TMP-SMZ, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase.
b
P values are shown where P < 0.05, as calculated by Fisher's exact test; in the last row, the Mann-Whitney U test was used. P values for ST131 by source group of fecal versus pyelonephritis and cystitis versus pyelonephritis were nonsignificant. NS, nonsignificant.