Fig 2.

GadAB inhibits luminal E. coli survival and enhances cryptdin-4-mediated killing in vitro. (A) Cecal bacterial concentrations in monoassociated WT and IL-10^−/− mice. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 5 mice per group). *, P < 0.05 relative to mice with the same genetic background monoassociated with NC101. (B) NC101 and NC101ΔgadAB growth curves under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 2 separate cultures/strain). OD₆₀₀, optical density at 600 nm. (C) Killing curves of mid-log-phase NC101, NC101ΔgadAB, and complemented NC101ΔgadAB (NC101ΔgadAB attTn7::gadBA) bacteria treated with recombinant mouse cryptdin-4. Data show the percentage of surviving bacteria relative to the numbers of untreated controls, presented as the mean ± SD of three separate experiments. *, P < 0.05 relative to NC101ΔgadAB.