Fig 3.

Neutrophil activation and oxidative burst after contact with parasites. (A) Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD11b on neutrophils resting in medium (Med) or cocultured with metacyclic promastigotes (Pm), axenic amastigotes (AxAm), or lesion-derived amastigotes (Am). (B) MFI of rhodamine 123 (Rho 123) in dihydrorhodamine 123-labeled Ly6G⁺ cells after 4 h of coculture with parasites. (C) Oxidative burst in Ly6G⁺ Rho123⁺ neutrophils, indicating that the extent of burst on a per-cell basis does not differ for neutrophils cocultured with promastigotes or amastigotes. (D) ROS production in neutrophils infected with PKH26-labeled axenic amastigotes for 4 h, showing that the majority of ROS was generated in PKH26^hi (amastigote-laden) cells. All data are pooled from at least 2 independent experiments and shown as means ± standard errors. * (P < 0.05), ** (P < 0.01), and *** (P < 0.001) indicate statistically significant differences between groups. NS, not significant.