Positive correlations are shown between the anti-SIV immune responses in peripheral blood and mean plasma viral load in sucrose (circle, mean ± standard error) and ethanol (square, mean ± standard error) treated macaques from day14 to day90 post SIV infection timepoints. Note higher viral loads in ethanol treated macaques showed higher percentages of either CD8+IFNγ+ or CD8+IFNγ+TNFα+ T-cell responses against Gag, gp120 and gp41 antigens. Spearman’s nonparametric correlation was used to determine correlations between anti-SIV cytokine responses of CD8+ T-cells and mean plasma viral load from all macaques using GraphPad Prism (version 5.0d, GraphPad software, CA).