Table 2.
Geometric means and 95% confidence intervals of C-reactive protein (mg/L) concentrations by quintiles of sex steroid hormones in the U.S. population of adult men 20 years or older, NHANES 1999–2004
| Quintiles of sex steroid hormones | Model 1† | Model 2‡ | Model 3§ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | |
| Total testosterone, ng/mL | ||||||
| ≤3.30 | 2.47 | 2.02 – 3.03 | 1.90 | 1.58 – 2.28 | 2.18 | 1.75 – 2.72 |
| 3.31–4.33 | 1.81 | 1.51 – 2.17 | 1.68 | 1.40 – 2.01 | 1.77 | 1.49 – 2.11 |
| 4.34–5.35 | 1.63 | 1.32 – 2.02 | 1.66 | 1.36 – 2.03 | 1.67 | 1.38 – 2.03 |
| 5.36–6.51 | 1.11 | 0.87 – 1.41 | 1.22 | 0.97 – 1.54 | 1.17 | 0.95 – 1.44 |
| >6.51 | 1.04 | 0.87 – 1.24 | 1.26 | 1.04 – 1.52 | 1.08 | 0.85 – 1.39 |
| Slope, P-trend* | −0.22 | <0.001 | −0.11 | 0.009 | −0.18 | 0.001 |
| Calculated free testosterone, ng/mL | ||||||
| ≤0.058 | 2.37 | 1.76 – 3.19 | 1.78 | 1.31 – 2.41 | 2.03 | 1.49 – 2.78 |
| 0.059–0.081 | 1.73 | 1.39 – 2.15 | 1.46 | 1.19 – 1.80 | 1.61 | 1.28 – 2.02 |
| 0.082–0.103 | 1.62 | 1.35 – 1.94 | 1.66 | 1.42 – 1.95 | 1.74 | 1.49 – 2.04 |
| 0.104–0.132 | 1.29 | 1.08 – 1.54 | 1.40 | 1.18 – 1.67 | 1.35 | 1.13 – 1.60 |
| >0.132 | 1.14 | 0.88 – 1.48 | 1.39 | 1.10 – 1.77 | 1.17 | 0.91 – 1.51 |
| Slope, P-trend* | −0.17 | 0.001 | −0.05 | 0.27 | −0.13 | 0.03 |
| Total estradiol, pg/mL | ||||||
| ≤18.9 | 1.20 | 1.01 – 1.44 | 1.35 | 1.16 – 1.59 | 1.16 | 1.01 – 1.35 |
| 19.0–26.1 | 1.39 | 1.15 – 1.68 | 1.41 | 1.19 – 1.67 | 1.33 | 1.12 – 1.59 |
| 26.2–32.6 | 1.59 | 1.29 – 1.98 | 1.50 | 1.24 – 1.82 | 1.46 | 1.22 – 1.76 |
| 32.7–41.4 | 1.55 | 1.26 – 1.92 | 1.58 | 1.33 – 1.88 | 1.69 | 1.42 – 2.02 |
| >41.4 | 1.94 | 1.65 – 2.29 | 1.78 | 1.52 – 2.08 | 2.09 | 1.73 – 2.52 |
| Slope, P-trend* | 0.11 | 0.001 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.14 | <0.001 |
| Calculated free estradiol, pg/mL | ||||||
| ≤0.058 | 1.11 | 0.90 – 1.38 | 1.39 | 1.17 – 1.66 | 1.23 | 1.02 – 1.48 |
| 0.059–0.080 | 1.27 | 1.02 – 1.57 | 1.29 | 1.04 – 1.60 | 1.19 | 0.98 – 1.45 |
| 0.081–0.104 | 1.44 | 1.12 – 1.84 | 1.43 | 1.20 – 1.71 | 1.39 | 1.17 – 1.66 |
| 0.105–0.133 | 1.72 | 1.39 – 2.14 | 1.58 | 1.32 – 1.91 | 1.63 | 1.35 – 1.95 |
| >0.133 | 2.18 | 1.85 – 2.56 | 1.94 | 1.66 – 2.27 | 2.33 | 1.90 – 2.85 |
| Slope, P-trend* | 0.17 | <0.001 | 0.09 | 0.007 | 0.15 | <0.001 |
| Total testosterone to estradiol molar ratio | ||||||
| ≤0.104 | 2.93 | 2.44 – 3.52 | 2.27 | 1.90 – 2.70 | 2.24 | 1.85 – 2.72 |
| 0.105–0.138 | 1.82 | 1.54 – 2.15 | 1.69 | 1.43 – 2.01 | 1.68 | 1.41 – 2.01 |
| 0.139–0.174 | 1.46 | 1.18 – 1.80 | 1.47 | 1.20 – 1.80 | 1.47 | 1.21 – 1.79 |
| 0.175–0.231 | 1.20 | 1.00 – 1.44 | 1.27 | 1.09 – 1.47 | 1.27 | 1.09 – 1.49 |
| >0.231 | 0.93 | 0.77 – 1.13 | 1.19 | 0.98 – 1.44 | 1.20 | 0.97 – 1.47 |
| Slope, P-trend* | −0.27 | <0.001 | −0.16 | <0.001 | −0.15 | <0.001 |
| SHBG, nmol/L | ||||||
| ≤22.5 | 2.04 | 1.68 – 2.48 | 1.73 | 1.50 – 1.99 | 1.43 | 1.21 – 1.69 |
| 22.6–30.2 | 1.88 | 1.49 – 2.37 | 1.74 | 1.41 – 2.16 | 1.63 | 1.33 – 2.01 |
| 30.3–39.9 | 1.29 | 1.05 – 1.59 | 1.35 | 1.14 – 1.59 | 1.39 | 1.17 – 1.64 |
| 40.0–52.9 | 1.28 | 1.02 – 1.60 | 1.39 | 1.14 – 1.71 | 1.59 | 1.28 – 1.96 |
| >52.9 | 1.09 | 0.83 – 1.42 | 1.35 | 1.06 – 1.72 | 1.67 | 1.29 – 2.15 |
| Slope, P-trend* | −0.17 | <0.001 | −0.08 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.59 |
| Androstanediol glucuronide, ng/mL | ||||||
| ≤4.70 | 1.26 | 0.99 – 1.61 | 1.28 | 1.06 – 1.53 | Not applicable | |
| 4.71–6.03 | 1.38 | 1.18 – 1.61 | 1.51 | 1.32 – 1.73 | ||
| 6.04–7.41 | 1.82 | 1.46 – 2.25 | 1.80 | 1.43 – 2.27 | ||
| 7.42–10.1 | 1.54 | 1.29 – 1.86 | 1.48 | 1.26 – 1.72 | ||
| >10.1 | 1.61 | 1.29 – 2.00 | 1.55 | 1.27 – 1.90 | ||
| Slope, P-trend* | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.30 | ||
Abbreviations: SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin; CI, confidence interval
†
From a linear regression model of sex steroid hormones on C-reactive protein adjusted for age and race/ethnicity
‡
Same as model 1 plus adjustment for body mass index, waist circumference, cigarette smoking, diabetes, alcohol consumption, and leisure-time physical activity
§
Same as model 2 plus testosterone, estradiol, and SHBG mutually adjusted, and calculated free testosterone and free estradiol mutually adjusted
*
Per 1 weighted quintile change in sex steroid hormones