Table 4.
Geometric means and 95% confidence intervals of white blood cell count (·109 cells/L) concentrations by quintiles of sex steroid hormones the U.S. population of adult men 20 years or older, NHANES 1999–2004
| Quintiles of sex steroid hormones | Model 1† | Model 2‡ | Model 3§ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | |
| Total testosterone, ng/mL | ||||||
| ≤3.30 | 6.49 | 6.23 – 6.76 | 6.40 | 6.11 – 6.71 | 6.44 | 6.06 – 6.85 |
| 3.31–4.33 | 6.68 | 6.41 – 6.96 | 6.68 | 6.43 – 6.93 | 6.68 | 6.43 – 6.95 |
| 4.34–5.35 | 6.35 | 6.09 – 6.63 | 6.46 | 6.17 – 6.75 | 6.44 | 6.17 – 6.74 |
| 5.36–6.51 | 6.49 | 6.20 – 6.80 | 6.51 | 6.22 – 6.82 | 6.52 | 6.22 – 6.85 |
| >6.51 | 6.36 | 5.98 – 6.77 | 6.30 | 5.99 – 6.63 | 6.26 | 5.91 – 6.62 |
| Slope, P-trend* | −0.007 | 0.39 | −0.007 | 0.40 | −0.009 | 0.45 |
| Calculated free testosterone, ng/mL | ||||||
| ≤0.058 | 6.45 | 6.12 – 6.79 | 6.30 | 5.95 – 6.66 | 6.45 | 6.08 – 6.83 |
| 0.059–0.081 | 6.38 | 6.08 – 6.68 | 6.31 | 6.00 – 6.62 | 6.41 | 6.11 – 6.72 |
| 0.082–0.103 | 6.45 | 6.25 – 6.67 | 6.51 | 6.27 – 6.75 | 6.56 | 6.31 – 6.81 |
| 0.104–0.132 | 6.41 | 6.12 – 6.72 | 6.48 | 6.16 – 6.81 | 6.43 | 6.13 – 6.75 |
| >0.132 | 6.66 | 6.26 – 7.08 | 6.69 | 6.35 – 7.05 | 6.49 | 6.15 – 6.85 |
| Slope, P-trend* | 0.008 | 0.52 | 0.01 | 0.21 | 0.001 | 0.91 |
| Total estradiol, pg/mL | ||||||
| ≤18.9 | 6.11 | 5.90 – 6.32 | 6.30 | 6.09 – 6.50 | 6.22 | 6.00 – 6.46 |
| 19.0–26.1 | 6.42 | 6.09 – 6.77 | 6.42 | 6.09 – 6.77 | 6.43 | 6.09 – 6.78 |
| 26.2–32.6 | 6.50 | 6.27 – 6.74 | 6.48 | 6.25 – 6.72 | 6.49 | 6.26 – 6.73 |
| 32.7–41.4 | 6.45 | 6.19 – 6.73 | 6.44 | 6.21 – 6.67 | 6.48 | 6.24 – 6.72 |
| >41.4 | 6.90 | 6.49 – 7.34 | 6.73 | 6.35 – 7.14 | 6.75 | 6.34 – 7.19 |
| Slope, P-trend* | 0.02 | 0.004 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.08 |
| Calculated free estradiol, pg/mL | ||||||
| ≤0.058 | 6.03 | 5.85 – 6.21 | 6.26 | 6.07 – 6.44 | 6.25 | 6.05 – 6.46 |
| 0.059–0.080 | 6.33 | 6.01 – 6.67 | 6.37 | 6.02 – 6.74 | 6.37 | 6.02 – 6.75 |
| 0.081–0.104 | 6.44 | 6.18 – 6.70 | 6.34 | 6.11 – 6.57 | 6.34 | 6.11 – 6.57 |
| 0.105–0.133 | 6.52 | 6.30 – 6.75 | 6.50 | 6.28 – 6.73 | 6.50 | 6.28 – 6.73 |
| >0.133 | 7.02 | 6.61 – 7.46 | 6.88 | 6.49 – 7.29 | 6.89 | 6.49 – 7.31 |
| Slope, P-trend* | 0.03 | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Total testosterone to estradiol molar ratio | ||||||
| ≤0.104 | 6.91 | 6.49 – 7.35 | 6.80 | 6.45 – 7.18 | 6.74 | 6.39 – 7.11 |
| 0.105–0.138 | 6.62 | 6.36 – 6.89 | 6.58 | 6.29 – 6.89 | 6.56 | 6.26 – 6.87 |
| 0.139–0.174 | 6.41 | 6.14 – 6.69 | 6.41 | 6.16 – 6.68 | 6.43 | 6.18 – 6.69 |
| 0.175–0.231 | 6.50 | 6.20 – 6.82 | 6.48 | 6.21 – 6.75 | 6.50 | 6.24 – 6.77 |
| >0.231 | 6.01 | 5.81 – 6.22 | 6.15 | 5.94 – 6.37 | 6.18 | 5.95 – 6.42 |
| Slope, P-trend* | −0.03 | 0.001 | −0.02 | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.04 |
| SHBG, nmol/L | ||||||
| ≤22.5 | 6.69 | 6.34 – 7.07 | 6.80 | 6.45 – 7.17 | 6.75 | 6.39 – 7.14 |
| 22.6–30.2 | 6.66 | 6.39 – 6.95 | 6.67 | 6.37 – 6.98 | 6.67 | 6.37 – 6.99 |
| 30.3–39.9 | 6.29 | 6.01 – 6.59 | 6.35 | 6.10 – 6.61 | 6.37 | 6.11 – 6.64 |
| 40.0–52.9 | 6.37 | 6.05 – 6.71 | 6.29 | 6.01 – 6.59 | 6.31 | 6.01 – 6.63 |
| >52.9 | 6.26 | 5.90 – 6.64 | 6.10 | 5.77 – 6.44 | 6.10 | 5.70 – 6.53 |
| Slope, P-trend* | −0.02 | 0.04 | −0.03 | 0.005 | −0.03 | 0.04 |
| Androstanediol glucuronide, ng/mL | ||||||
| ≤4.70 | 6.50 | 6.18 – 6.82 | 6.34 | 6.09 – 6.60 | Not applicable | |
| 4.71–6.03 | 6.47 | 6.17 – 6.79 | 6.51 | 6.22 – 6.82 | ||
| 6.04–7.41 | 6.59 | 6.23 – 6.98 | 6.57 | 6.23 – 6.94 | ||
| 7.42–10.1 | 6.42 | 6.17 – 6.68 | 6.42 | 6.16 – 6.68 | ||
| >10.1 | 6.41 | 6.06 – 6.78 | 6.52 | 6.19 – 6.86 | ||
| Slope, P-trend* | −0.004 | 0.65 | 0.003 | 0.63 | ||
Abbreviations: SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin; CI, confidence interval
From a linear regression model of sex steroid hormones on white blood cell count adjusted for age and race/ethnicity
Same as model 1 plus adjustment for body mass index, waist circumference, cigarette smoking, diabetes, alcohol consumption, and leisure-time physical activity
Same as model 2 plus testosterone, estradiol, and SHBG mutually adjusted, and calculated free testosterone and free estradiol mutually adjusted
Per 1 weighted quintile change in sex steroid hormones