Table 2. Effect of caregiver training program on.

Mullen Early Learning Scales (MELS) Outcomes.

Mullen Early Learning Scale	Gross Motor		Fine Motor		Expressive Language		Receptive Language		Visual Reception		Composite Total (Cognitive Scales)
Factor or Covariate Measure	Unadj	One- Interaction	Unadj	Additive	Unadj	Additive	Unadj	One- Interaction	Unadj	Additive	Unadj	Additive
Group-by-time	.611	.431	.342	.341	.880	.847	.565	.888	.006**	.014*	.070	.194
Group Main Effect	.041	.102	.767	.979	.028*	.046*	.022*	.011*	.036*	.024*	.033*	.038*
Caregiver Category		.106		.362		.120		.089		.019*		.043*
On HAART or Not		.038*		.081		.523		.144		.316		.231
Age	.001#	.001#	.001#	.001#	.001#	.001#	.001#	.001#	.001#	.001#	.001#	.001#
Caldwell HOME total		.583		.069		.523		.046*		.019*		.072
SES Total		.668		.326		.079		.081		.046*		.048*
Weight-for-Age Z		.001**		.001#		.001#		.001**		.001#		.001#
HSCL-25 Caregiver Depression 6 months		.225		.351		.626		.906		.607		.757
Sex		.121		.723		.260		.976		.340		.867
Group by sex		.028*
Group by On HAART								.009**

^*P < .05,

^**P < .01,

^#P < .001

Repeated-measure (baseline, 6 mos, 1 yr) analysis of covariance (RM-ANCOVA) was used. For each MELS measure, the raw score was used in the analysis. Results are presented for the unadjusted model (Unadj) and either the RM-ANCOVA model with one significant interaction (One Interaction) or an additive model if there were no significant interaction effects. The ANCOVA adjusted P values are presented for the between-group factor (Group: MISC and Control) and Group-by-time (baseline, 6 months, 1 year). Covariates in the model are caregiver category (mother, grandmother, other), HAART status (On HAART or not), age at baseline, Caldwell HOME scale score at baseline, SES total at baseline, Weight-for-age Z score (WHO 2010 norms), Hopkins Symptoms Checklist 25-item scale (HSCL-25) depression score for the caregiver at 6 months, and gender.