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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013 Jul 10;38(11):10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.06.005. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.06.005

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Means and standard errors for heart rate, high frequency (HF) power, and low-to-high frequency ratio (LF/HF) across phases of the menstrual cycle in REM and NREM sleep in 12 women with PMS and 14 controls. HR was higher, HF power was lower, and LF/HF ratio was higher in REM sleep than NREM sleep (stage effects, p < .001). HR was highest in the mid-luteal phase (phase effect p < .001). Significant stage-phase-group interaction effects for HF power are shown on the Figure.