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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Kidney Int. 2013 Jul 17;84(6):1108–1118. doi: 10.1038/ki.2013.276

Figure 2. Chemical structures of active compounds in herbal medications used for treatment of kidney diseases in TCM.

Figure 2

Rhein and emodin are isolated from rhubarb. Saikosaponin a (SSa) and its epimer saikosaponin d (SSd) are major triterpenoid saponin derivatives from Radix bupleuri. Triptolide, a diterpene triepoxide, is one of the major active components isolated from the extracts of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F.