Fig. 1.

EtOH increases PA content and PLD activity in myocytes. C2C12 myocytes were incubated overnight in the presence or absence of 100 mM EtOH. Cells were collected and total PA concentration (A) or phospholipase D activity (B) was determined as described in the “Materials and Methods.” Results were normalized with total protein and expressed as a percentage of control levels. Each bar represents the mean ± SE of 4 independent experiments consisting of 3–5 replicate samples per experiment. P< 0.05 versus control values.