Table 2.
Variable | Rarely or Never Screened | Recently Screened | OR (95% CI) or test statistic |
---|---|---|---|
| |||
n or M (SD) | n or M (SD) | ||
Demographic characteristics
| |||
Age (in years) | 56.0 (8.6) | 56.2 (8.2) | 0.24a |
Marital Status | |||
Partnered | 55 | 68 | 0.74 (0.44–1.27) |
Not partnered (ref) | 51 | 47 | 1.00 |
Education | |||
Less than high school | 28 | 24 | 1.60 (0.71–3.57) |
High school diploma/GED | 58 | 63 | 1.26 (0.63–2.51) |
More than high school diploma (ref) | 19 | 26 | 1.00 |
Current financial status | |||
Sometimes struggle | 63 | 57 | 0.97 (0.33–2.84) |
Just about enough | 34 | 51 | 0.58 (0.19–1.76) |
More than needed (ref) | 8 | 7 | 1.00 |
Employed | |||
Not working | 61 | 59 | 1.23 (0.68–2.24) |
Part time | 14 | 19 | 0.88 (0.38–2.04) |
Full time (ref) | 31 | 37 | 1.00 |
Health Insurance | |||
No | 34 | 34 | 1.12 (0.63–1.99) |
Yes (ref) | 72 | 81 | 1.00 |
MD Pap recommendation in past year | |||
Yes | 18 | 42 | 0.35 (0.18–0.66)** |
No (ref) | 87 | 71 | 1.00 |
MD mammogram recommendation in past year | |||
Yes | 20 | 48 | 0.33 (0.18–0.61)** |
No (ref) | 83 | 66 | 1.00 |
| |||
Barriers to cervical cancer screening
| |||
Financial situation makes it hard | |||
Yes | 63 | 51 | 1.81 (1.06–3.09)* |
No (ref) | 43 | 63 | 1.00 |
Cervical cancer is a low priority | |||
Yes | 19 | 11 | 2.04 (0.92–4.53)† |
No (ref) | 87 | 103 | 1.00 |
Screening is not needed without symptoms | |||
Yes | 39 | 25 | 2.07 (1.14–3.75)* |
No (ref) | 67 | 89 | 1.00 |
Too worried about results | |||
Yes | 33 | 14 | 3.23 (1.61–6.46)** |
No (ref) | 73 | 100 | 1.00 |
Test is painful/uncomfortable | |||
Yes | 34 | 21 | 2.09 (1.12–3.91)* |
No (ref) | 72 | 93 | 1.00 |
Test is embarrassing | |||
Yes | 41 | 18 | 3.36 (1.78–6.36)** |
No (ref) | 65 | 96 | 1.00 |
Not having health insurance makes it hard | |||
Yes | 55 | 38 | 2.16 (1.25–3.72)** |
No (ref) | 51 | 76 | 1.00 |
Lack of transportation makes it hard | |||
Yes | 30 | 23 | 1.56 (0.84–2.91)† |
No (ref) | 76 | 91 | 1.00 |
Job responsibilities make it hard | |||
Yes | 16 | 15 | 1.16 (0.61–2.21) |
No (ref) | 90 | 99 | 1.00 |
Lack of a trustworthy doctor | |||
Yes | 24 | 23 | 1.27 (0.66–2.42) |
No (ref) | 82 | 91 | 1.00 |
Spouse’s feelings make it hard | |||
Yes | 3 | 4 | 0.80 (0.17–3.66) |
No (ref) | 103 | 110 | 1.00 |
Test is time-consuming | |||
Yes | 20 | 19 | 1.16 (0.58–2.32) |
No (ref) | 86 | 95 | 1.00 |
Doctor does not recommend screening | |||
Yes | 17 | 8 | 2.53 (1.04–6.14)* |
No (ref) | 89 | 106 | 1.00 |
Home responsibilities make it hard | |||
Yes | 15 | 15 | 1.09 (0.50–2.35) |
No (ref) | 91 | 99 | 1.00 |
| |||
Barriers to breast cancer screening | |||
| |||
Financial situation makes it hard | |||
Yes | 62 | 57 | 1.47 (0.86–2.50)† |
No (ref) | 43 | 58 | 1.00 |
Breast cancer is a low priority | |||
Yes | 18 | 18 | 1.11 (0.55–2.28) |
No (ref) | 87 | 97 | 1.00 |
Screening is not needed without symptoms | |||
Yes | 56 | 27 | 3.72 (2.09–6.63)** |
No (ref) | 49 | 88 | 1.00 |
Too worried about results | |||
Yes | 37 | 23 | 2.21 (1.20–4.06)* |
No (ref) | 67 | 92 | 1.00 |
Test is painful/uncomfortable | |||
Yes | 48 | 31 | 2.28 (1.30–4.01)** |
No (ref) | 57 | 84 | 1.00 |
Test is embarrassing | |||
Yes | 41 | 21 | 2.84 (1.53–5.25)** |
No (ref) | 64 | 93 | 1.00 |
Not having health insurance makes it hard | |||
Yes | 47 | 50 | 1.05 (0.62–1.79) |
No (ref) | 58 | 65 | 1.00 |
Lack of transportation makes it hard | |||
Yes | 34 | 28 | 1.49 (0.82–2.68)† |
No (ref) | 71 | 87 | 1.00 |
Job responsibilities make it hard | |||
Yes | 19 | 21 | 0.99 (0.50–1.96) |
No (ref) | 86 | 94 | 1.00 |
Spouse’s feelings make it hard | |||
Yes | 5 | 6 | 0.91 (0.27–3.07) |
No (ref) | 100 | 109 | 1.00 |
Test is time-consuming | |||
Yes | 23 | 19 | 1.43 (0.73–2.82) |
No (ref) | 81 | 96 | 1.00 |
Doctor does not recommend screening | |||
Yes | 16 | 7 | 2.77 (1.09–7.04)* |
No (ref) | 89 | 108 | 1.00 |
Home responsibilities make it hard | |||
Yes | 21 | 16 | 1.55 (0.76–3.15)† |
No (ref) | 84 | 99 | 1.00 |
Test statistic for Age was Student’s t-test with 219 degrees of freedom.
Notes. OR = odds ratio. CI = confidence interval. (ref) = reference group. GED = general equivalency diploma. MD = physician. mo. = months.
p < .25,
p < .05,
p < .01