Table II .

Naming: the most common error patterns reported in the literature.

AUTHORS	ERROR PATTERNS
Bello et al., 2007	• Anomic episodes, phonemic or semantic paraphasia
Benzagmout et al., 2007	• Phonemic, semantic and phonetic paraphasia, slowness with initiation, perseveration
Petrovich Brennan et al., 2007	• Paraphasic errors, speech arrest, hesitation; word finding difficulty, dysarthria, circumlocution, hypophonia (no description)
Corina et al., 2005	• Anomia, delayed, semantic paraphasia
Duffau et al., 2002b	• Speech arrest, anomia, dysarthria, spontaneous speech reduction
Fontaine et al., 2002	• Aphasic misnaming: defined as semantic paraphasia and confusion of expressions, aphasic arrest defined as production of carrier phrase followed by failure to name stimulus
Hamberger et al., 2005	• Tip-of-the-tongue: correct response after phonemic cueing, increased naming latency
Ojemann and Whitaker, 1978	• Total arrest of speech, failure to respond
Ojemann, 1979	• A total arrest of speech, anomia
Ojemann, 1993	• Naming errors: correct name after slide changed (after stimulation stopped), substitution (e.g., fork instead of spider)
Roux et al., 2004	• Articulatory interferences, pure reading arrest, paraphasias, ocular movements, others (hesitations and perseverations)
Sanai et al., 2008	• Speech arrest, dysarthria, anomia, alexia, expressive and receptive aphasia. Mild deficit: paraphasias noted but did not influence resection
Signorelli et al., 2001	• Paraphasias, speech arrest, perseveration, anomia and comprehension disorders