Table 1.
Characteristics of the study sample and controls
| Healthy Controls (n=35) | Bipolar Patients (n=24) | Statistics | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 46.17 ± 8.96 | 49.67 ± 11.36 | t=−1.32 | 0.19 |
| Males/Females, n | 17/18 | 11/13 | X2=0.04 | 0.84 |
| Right-handed, n | 27 | 23 | Fisher test | 0.07 |
| Ethnicity | Caucasian | Caucasian | – | – |
| Age at onset (years) | – | 35.58 ± 13.43 | ||
| Disease duration (years) | – | 14.16 ± 10.33 | – | – |
| BD I/BD II | – | 15/9 | – | – |
| Number of prior admissions | – | 4.17 ± 4.47 | – | – |
| Lifetime antipsychotic use (years) | – | 12.10 ± 7.50 | – | – |
| PDD/DDD APs |
– | 0.74 ± 0.35 | – | – |
| PDD/DDD Typical APs |
– | 0.42 ± 0.29 | – | – |
| PDD/DDD Atypical APs |
– | 0.74 ± 0.26 | – | – |
| PDD/DDD Mood stabilisers |
– | 0.74 ± 0.30 | – | – |
| PDD/DDD Antidepressants |
– | 1.30 ± 0.64 | – | – |
| HDRS score | – | 6.17 ± 4.55 | – | – |
| BRMRS score | – | 2.54 ± 4.87 | – | – |
| ICV (cm3) | 1437.21 ± 142.39 | 1503.02 ± 196.13 | t=−1.49 | 0.14 |
| Intracranial CSF (cm3) | 359.74 ± 57.49 | 381.97 ± 75.39 | t=−1.28 | 0.20 |
| Intracranial white matter (cm3) | 581.26 ± 54.51 | 565.82 ± 80.54 | t=0.88 | 0.38 |
| Intracranial grey matter (cm3) | 551.26 ± 61.33 | 553.87 ± 86.31 | t=–0.14 | 0.89 |
Abbreviations: BD=bipolar disorder; BRMRS=Bech Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale; CSF=cerebrospinal fluid; ICV=intracranial volume; PDD/DDD=prescribed daily dose to defined daily dose; APs=antipsychotics; HAM-D=Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.