. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Oct 30.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010 May;25(5):10.1002/gps.2363. doi: 10.1002/gps.2363

Table 1.

Mean and SD PHQ-9 scale scores at baseline and 5-year assessments

Depression symptom group		Baseline PHQ	5-Year PHQ
No or few depressive symptoms (N = 1988) (≤10 PHQ-9 at baseline and <5 point increase at 5-year follow-up)	Mean	3.3	2.5
	SD	2.8	2.6
Improvement in depressive symptoms (N = 382) (≥10 PHQ-9 at baseline and ≥5 point decrease at 5-year follow-up)	Mean	15.1	5.3
	SD	4.3	4.0
Worsening of depressive symptoms (N = 214) (≤10 PHQ-9 at baseline and ≥5 point increase at 5-year follow-up)	Mean	3.23	11.1
	SD	2.58	4.0
Persistent depressive symptoms (N = 175) (≥10 PHQ-9 at baseline and <5 point decrease at 5-year follow-up)	Mean	13.6	14.0
	SD	3.7	4.7
Total sample (N =2759)	Mean	5.6	4.3
Total sample (N =2759)	SD	5.5	4.7